<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
	xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/"
	xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"
	>

<channel>
	<title>Ethiopian Tribune editor &#8211; Ethiopian Tribune</title>
	<atom:link href="https://ethiopiantribune.com/author/admin/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>https://ethiopiantribune.com</link>
	<description>የኢትዮጵያ ትሪቢውን</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Tue, 01 Sep 2026 05:05:00 +0000</lastBuildDate>
	<language>en-GB</language>
	<sy:updatePeriod>
	hourly	</sy:updatePeriod>
	<sy:updateFrequency>
	1	</sy:updateFrequency>
	<generator>https://wordpress.org/?v=7.0.2</generator>

<image>
	<url>https://i0.wp.com/ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/EthiopianTribune.jpg?fit=32%2C32&#038;ssl=1</url>
	<title>Ethiopian Tribune editor &#8211; Ethiopian Tribune</title>
	<link>https://ethiopiantribune.com</link>
	<width>32</width>
	<height>32</height>
</image> 
<site xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">213632640</site>	<item>
		<title>ጠባቧ በር</title>
		<link>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/09/%e1%8c%a0%e1%89%a3%e1%89%a7-%e1%89%a0%e1%88%ad/</link>
					<comments>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/09/%e1%8c%a0%e1%89%a3%e1%89%a7-%e1%89%a0%e1%88%ad/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ethiopian Tribune editor]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 01 Sep 2026 05:05:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Opinion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sustainability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ማህበራዊ ጉዳዮች]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ዘገባዎች በአማርኛ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ሰበር ዜና]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ኢትዮጵያ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ኢትዮጵያን ትሪቢውን]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ethiopiantribune.com/?p=5068</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[ጠባቧ በር — ዘ ኢትዮጵያን ትሪቢዩን ወጥመዱ — የኢትዮጵያ የነጻነት ሕልማችን ምን ሆነ ክፍል ፭...]]></description>
			
			<div class="twp-like-dislike-button twp-like-dislike-thumb">

				
				<span data-id="5068" id="twp-post-like" class="twp-post-like-dislike can-like">
		            <img src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/thumbs-up.svg" />		        </span>

				<span class="twp-like-count">
		            0		        </span>

				
				<span data-id="5068" id="twp-post-dislike" class="twp-post-like-dislike can-dislike ">
		            <img src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/thumbs-down.svg" />		            
		        </span>

				<span class="twp-dislike-count">
		            0		        </span>

			</div>

									<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='booster-block booster-read-block'>
                <div class="twp-read-time">
                	<i class="booster-icon twp-clock"></i> <span>Read Time:</span>7 Minute, 14 Second                </div>

            </div><p><!DOCTYPE html><html lang="am"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><br />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><br />
<title>ጠባቧ በር — ዘ ኢትዮጵያን ትሪቢዩን</title></head><br />
<body style="margin:0;background:#faf8f4;"></p>
<article style="max-width:44em;margin:0 auto;padding:2.4em 1.3em 3.4em;font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;background:#fffdf9;">
<div style="letter-spacing:0.06em;font-size:0.78em;color:#B8860B;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:0.5em;">ወጥመዱ — የኢትዮጵያ የነጻነት ሕልማችን ምን ሆነ</div>
<div style="letter-spacing:0.1em;font-size:0.78em;color:#7A0C0C;margin-bottom:1.1em;">ክፍል ፭ ከ፭</div>
<h1 style="font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;font-size:2.3em;line-height:1.25;color:#7A0C0C;margin:0 0 0.35em;font-weight:700;">ጠባቧ በር</h1>
<p style="font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;font-size:1.2em;color:#B8860B;margin:0 0 1.2em;line-height:1.5;">አማርትያ ሴን፣ በዓሉ ግርማ፣ እና ከወጥመዱ የመውጫ መንገድ</p>
<p style="font-size:0.85em;color:#555;border-top:1px solid #ddd;border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;padding:0.6em 0;margin:0 0 1.8em;">በ<strong>ኢ. ፍራሺ</strong> &nbsp;·&nbsp; ዘ ኢትዮጵያን ትሪቢዩን</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;"><span style="float:left;font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;font-size:3.6em;line-height:0.9;font-weight:700;color:#7A0C0C;padding:0.02em 0.12em 0 0;;">ከ</span>ርቲስ በጨለማ ውስጥ ይተወናል። ይህ ማኅተሙም ገደቡም ነው። ወጥመዱን በእንዲህ ያለ ብሩህነት ካሳየን በኋላ፣ በመጨረሻው ጥቅል በተዘጋ በር ፊት ቆሞ፣ በመውጫ ስፍራ፣ ነጻ ለመሆን ሌላ መንገድ እንደነበረ መርሳታችንን ጥቆማ ብቻ ይሰጠናል። በራሱ መንገድ ታማኝ ነው፤ ርካሹን የማዳን ፍጻሜ ይከለክላል። ነገር ግን፣ ልከራከር እንደምፈልገው፣ ከእርሱ መለያየት ያለብንም ነጥብ ነው — መውጫ የለም ብሎ መቀበል ራሱ ከሁሉ ጥልቅ ወደሆነው ወጥመድ መውደቅ ነውና፣ የራሱ ዘዴ ወደሚዘረጋው ወጥመድ።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">የከርቲስ ዘዴ ምስጢር አለው፣ ይህም እርሱ ከሚተችባቸው ሰዎች ምስጢር ጋር አንድ ነው። እርሱም ሁሉንም የሚያስረዳ አንድ የተደበቀ ማሽን ይፈልጋል። እርሱም አንድ ንጹህ ሞዴል — ተጠራጣሪው ተዋናይ፣ የሚዘጋው ወጥመድ — በሰፊውና ተቃራኒ በሆነው የሰው ሕይወት ትርምስ ላይ ይጭናል፣ ለበጎ አድራጎት መንግሥቱም ለቤተሰቡም ለጦርነቱም ለራሱም እንዲያስረዳ ያደርገዋል። ፊልሞቹ የሚያማልሉት እርሱ በሚወነጅላቸው ንድፈ ሐሳቦች ማማለያ በዚያው ምክንያት ነው፦ ከግራ መጋባቱ ስር አንድ ማሽን፣ አንድ ቁልፍ፣ ሁሉንም አጣምሮ የሚያስይዝ አንድ ታሪክ አለ ብለው ቃል ይገባሉ። ይህ የሁሉን አቀፍ ማብራሪያ ወጥመድ ነው፣ ይህ ተከታታይ ጽሑፍም በእያንዳንዱ ገጽ ውስጥ በእርሱ አደጋ ውስጥ ኖሯል። የእስረኞች ማጣብቂያ ሚሊሻዎቹን ሲያስረዳ በመሰለ ቁጥር፣ አዎንታዊ ነጻነት ቡልዶዘሩን ሲያስረዳ በመሰለ ቁጥር፣ ከ‹ቲኦዲሲው› አንድ ምቹ እርምጃ ራቅ ብለን ነበር — ደሙ የማንም ጥፋት አልነበረም፣ መዋቅሩ ራሱን ሲያሠራ ነበር ከሚል ውብ ማስረጃ። ያንን አደጋ በእያንዳንዱ መታጠፊያ የጠቆምኩት እንደ ማስዋቢያ ሳይሆን እንደ ተግሣጽ ነው፣ ሁሉንም የሚያስረዳ ማጉያ በጸጥታ ማጉያ መሆኑ ቀርቶ እምነት ሆኗልና። ወጥመዱ እውነተኛ ነው። ሙሉ እውነትም አይደለም፣ ልዩነቱን በረሳን ቅጽበትም ውስጡ ነን።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">ያንን ጥንቃቄ ያዝ፣ የመውጫ ፍለጋም ሊጀምር ይችላል — በብሪታኒያ ሳይሆን፣ ከርቲስ በማይሰይመው፣ ዘመኑን ሙሉ ነጻነትን ፈጽሞ በተለየ ምንዛሬ በለካ ሰው።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">አማርትያ ሴን — ቤንጋላዊ የምጣኔ ሀብት ተመራማሪ፣ የ1998 የኖቤል ተሸላሚ — የጀመረው ኢትዮጵያ በአጥንቷ ከምታውቀው ትዝታ ነው፦ ረሃብ። ልጅ ሳለ የ1943ቱ የቤንጋል ረሃብ ሚሊዮኖችን ሲገድል ተመልክቶ፣ ዘመኑን ሙሉ «Poverty and Famines» (1981) በተሰኘ ሥራ እንዲህ ያሉ አደጋዎች ፈጽሞ በቀላል የምግብ አለመኖር እንደማይከሰቱ አረጋገጠ። የሚከሰቱት ‹በሥልጣንነት› (entitlement) አለመኖር ነው — ሰዎች በእውነት ያለውን ምግብ የማዘዝ አቅም በማጣት — እናም፣ ከሁሉ ይበልጥ ገላጭ በሆነ ሁኔታ፣ ነጻ ፕሬስ ባላቸው በሚሠሩ ዲሞክራሲዎች ውስጥ አይከሰቱም። ነጻ ፕሬስ ረሃብን ይታይ ያደርጋል፤ መታየት በፖለቲካ ገዳይ ያደርገዋል፤ በመሆኑም ሊታይና በምርጫ ሊወገድ የሚችል መንግሥት ፈጽሞ በታላቅ ረሃብ ላይ ተቀምጦ አያውቅም። ነጻ ያልሆነ መንግሥት ግን ሕዝቡን በጨለማ ሊያስርበው ይችላል። ኢትዮጵያዊ ይህ ሙግት እንዲብራራለት አያስፈልገውም። ዘመናዊ ታሪካችን ንጉሠ ነገሥትን ለመጣል በረዱ፣ አምባገነንነትንም በተረፉ ረሃቦች የተሞላ ነው፣ በእያንዳንዱ ጊዜ ቁጥሩን በገዛ አፉንም ባፈነ መንግሥት የተሸፈኑ። የሴን ትንታኔ የክፍል ፫ ክስ ከአሥር ዓመታት አስቀድሞ የተጻፈ ነው፦ የመለኪያው በእውነታው ላይ ያለው አገዛዝ ቴክኒካዊ ስህተት ሳይሆን፣ በጫፉ፣ የሞት ማሽን ነው — ብቸኛው የተረጋገጠ መድኃኒቱም እንደዚህ ያለ ሕትመት ሊተገብረው የሚኖርበት ነገር ራሱ ነው።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">የሴን ጥልቅ ስጦታ ግን መላው ፊልም ያጣው ጽንሰ ሐሳብ ነው። «Development as Freedom» (1999) ውስጥ የበርሊንን ገዳይ ሁለትዮሽ ውድቅ አደረገ። ለሴን ነጻነት፣ የጣልቃ ገብነት አለመኖር ብቻ አይደለም፣ የአንድ ባለሥልጣን ስለ ከፍተኛ ማንነትህ ያለው ራእይ መጫንም አይደለም። ‹ብቃት› (capability) ነው — አንድ ሰው ማድረግና መሆን የሚችላቸው ነገሮች እውነተኛ፣ ብዙ ዓይነት፣ ተጨባጭ ስፋት፦ መመገብ፣ ማንበብና መጻፍ መቻል፣ መንቀሳቀስ፣ መናገር፣ በማኅበረሰቡ ሕይወት መሳተፍ፣ ለመኖር ምክንያት ካላቸው ሕይወቶች መካከል መምረጥ። ይህ አዎንታዊ የነጻነት አተያይ ነው፤ ስለ አቅም እንጂ ስለ ጣልቃ አለመግባት ብቻ አይደለም። ሆኖም የአዎንታዊ ነጻነትን መርዝ ጨርሶ አይይዝም፣ በአንድ ወሳኝ ምክንያት። አንድም መድረሻ አይሰይምም። እውነተኛ ማንነትህ ማን እንደሆነ ነግሮ ወደዚያ አያስገድድህም። አቅሞችህን ያበዛል፣ ምርጫውንም ላንተ ይተዋል። ‹ለ›ነጻነት ነው፣ ያለ ግንባር ቀደም፦ የሰው ልጅ ብልጽግና ሕልም፣ ከቡልዶዘሩ ትጥቅ የተፈታ።</p>
<blockquote style="border-top:2px solid #7A0C0C;border-bottom:2px solid #7A0C0C;color:#7A0C0C;font-size:1.3em;line-height:1.7;text-align:center;max-width:34em;margin:1.8em auto;padding:0.7em 0.5em;font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;"><p>የአንድ አገር ነጻነት መለኪያ የገነባችው ጎዳና ሳይሆን ሕዝቧ በእውነት መኖር የሚችለው ሕይወት ነው። አንዲት መበለት ጎኑ ለመኖር የማትችለው ኮሪደር ልማት አይደለም። የመገለሏ ሐውልት ነው።</p></blockquote>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">እንግዲያውስ ከወጥመዱ የመውጫዋ ጠባብ በር ይህች ናት፣ በግልጽ መግለጹም ተገቢ ነው፣ ብልጽግና ፓርቲ የሚለውን ሁሉ መልሶ ያስቀምጣልና። ነጻነት ብቃት ከሆነ፣ ቤተሰብን የሚያራቁተው ማንሳፈፍ የነጻ መውጣት ምዕራፍ ሳይሆን የነጻነት ቅናሽ ነው፤ ድሆችን የሚያፈናቅለው ማፍረስ ወደ ብልጽግና እርምጃ ሳይሆን፣ ብቸኛዋ ትርጉም ያላት ብልጽግና በእውነት የያዘቻቸውን ብቃቶች — ቤት፣ መተዳደሪያ፣ ሰፈር፣ የሕይወት ጨርቅ — ማጥፋት ነው። ሴን የምዕራፉ ቋንቋ በመዋቅሩ ሊለው የማይችለውን ነገር ልንል ያስችለናል፦ ሰዎች ማድረግና መሆን የሚችሉትን የሚቀንስ ልማት፣ ቁጥሮቹ ምንም ያህል አረንጓዴ ቢሆኑ፣ ጨርሶ ልማት አይደለም። ሕልሙ ለኢትዮጵያ ብልጽግናን መፈለጉ ስህተት አይደለም። ብልጽግና ‹ምን እንደሆነ› ላይ ነው የተሳሳተው — ሐውልቱንም ከሕይወት ጋር ተሳስቷል።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">ሆኖም በሕንዳዊው የምጣኔ ሀብት ተመራማሪ አልጨርስም፣ የዚህ ተከታታይ ጽሑፍ ጥያቄ ጥልቅ መልስ — ይህ የገባ ምርመራ ብቻ ነውን? — በዴልሂ ወይም በኦክስፎርድ ሳይሆን በአዲስ አበባ ነውና፣ ከአርባ ዓመታት በፊትም በደም ተጽፏል። በዓሉ ግርማ ኢትዮጵያ ካፈራቻቸው እጅግ ምርጥ ደራሲዎች መካከል ነበር፣ ለጊዜውም በደርግ የራሱ የማስታወቂያ ሚኒስቴር ውስጥ ከፍተኛ ሰው — የሥርዓቱ ሕልም ሠሪ። በ1975 ዓ.ም. (1983) «ኦሮማይ»ን አሳተመ፣ በሰሜን ሶሻሊስታዊ ነጻ መውጣትንና ብሔራዊ አንድነትን ሊያደርስ በታሰበው ታላቁ ጥቃት፣ በ‹ቀይ ኮከብ ዘመቻ› መካከል የተቀናበረ ልብ ወለድ። በዓሉም፣ በማሽኑ ውስጥ ቆሞ የነበረው፣ ስለ እርሱ እውነቱን ተናገረ፦ ከሚያሰክረው የነጻ መውጣት ሕልም ስር ንቀት፣ ሙስና፣ ከንቱነትና ሞት እንዳለ፤ ውቦቹ ቃላት የቁጥጥር ማሽን እንደሸሸጉ፤ የነጻነቱ ዘመቻ ኃያላኑ ለሕዝቡ የነገሩት፣ ከዚያም የከፋ፣ ለራሳቸው የነገሩት ውሸት እንደሆነ። ርእሱ ራሱ — ‹ኦሮማይ›፣ ‹መጨረሻ›፣ ‹ፍጻሜ›፣ ‹ከእንግዲህ የለም› — በሕልሙ ላይ የተሰጠ ፍርድ ነበር።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">ስለጻፈውም፣ በዓሉ ግርማ በ1976 ዓ.ም. መጀመሪያ (1984) ጠፋ፣ ባገለገለው መንግሥት ተወስዶ፤ አስከሬኑ ፈጽሞ አልተገኘም፣ ልብ ወለዱም ታገደ። ይህ ማዕቀፍ ባዕድ ነው ለሚል ክስ ሁሉ መልሱ እርሱ ነው። ኢትዮጵያ የነጻነትን ሕልም ትችት አላስገባችም። የኢትዮጵያ እጅግ ምርጥ ተራኪ፣ አንድ ብሪታኒያዊ ፊልም ሠሪ ለሐሳቡ ምስልና ስም ከመስጠቱ አሥርተ ዓመታት አስቀድሞ፣ በእርሱ ‹ሞተ›። ወጥመዱ ለልክ የምንሞክረው የአውሮፓ ሐሳብ አይደለም። ቀደም ብለን ያሠራነው ማሽን ነው፤ ከእኛ አንዱ ሰየመው፣ ስለ ሰየመውም ገደለው።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">ይህም በያዘው ጊዜ ውስጥ ደኅንነቱ የተጠበቀ ቁስል እንዳይመስል፣ ያው ማሽን በቅርቡ እንዴት እንደሠራ አስብ። ገዱ አንዳርጋቸው የድኅረ 2010 ዓ.ም. ሥርዓትን ከከፍተኛ ክፍሎቹ ሆኖ ለመገንባት አግዟል፦ የአማራ ክልል ዋና አስተዳዳሪ፣ ቀጥሎም የውጭ ጉዳይ ሚኒስትር፣ ቀጥሎም ለጠቅላይ ሚኒስትሩ ራሱ የብሔራዊ ደኅንነት አማካሪ — የአዲሱ ሥርዓት አናጺ እንጂ ተመልካች አልነበረም። ከእርሱ ጋር በተለያየ ጊዜ፣ በአደባባይና በማያሻማ ቃላት፣ መንግሥትን በክህደት፣ በአምባገነናዊ አገዛዝ፣ የአገሪቱን ቀውሶች በፖለቲካ ሳይሆን በኃይል በመመለስ በከሰሰ ጊዜ — ትሪቢዩኑ በራሱ ማረጋገጥ በማይችላቸው ከተቃዋሚ ጋር በተያያዙ ዘገባዎች መሠረት — በዋና ከተማዋ በራሱ ቤት ውስጥ በቁም እስር ተደረገ፣ ተጠብቆና ከጎብኚዎች ተቆርጦ። አራት አሥርተ ዓመታት ከበዓሉ ግርማ ይለዩታል፣ ዝርዝሮቹም ይለያያሉ፤ አንዱ ጠፋ፣ ሌላው በራሱ ግድግዳ ጀርባ በዝምታ እንደተያዘ ተዘገበ። ሰዋሰዉ ግን አንድ ነው፦ ማሽኑን ከውስጥ ያየ፣ ጮክ ብሎ የተናገረ፣ ባገለገለው መንግሥትም ከውይይቱ የተወገደ ውስጠኛ ሰው። ይህ ጥንታዊ ታሪክ አይደለም። ያው በር ነው፣ እንደገና እየተዘጋ።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">ይህ ተከታታይ ጽሑፍ የቆመበት ወግ ይህ ነው፣ ተስፋ መቁረጥንም መጽናናትንም ይከለክላል። ተስፋ መቁረጥን ይከለክላል፣ በዓሉ ግርማ ዓረፍተ ነገሩን የጻፈው ምን ሊያስከፍለው እንደሚችል እያወቀ ነውና፣ ይህም ማለት ዓረፍተ ነገሩ መጻፍ ተገቢ ነበር ማለት ነው — ነጻ ቃል ምንም አይደለም አይባልም፤ ወጥመዱ ሙሉ በሙሉ ሊውጠው የማይችለው አንድ ነገር ነው፣ የሴን ነጻ ፕሬስ የረሃብ መድኃኒት እንጂ ምስክሩ ብቻ ያልሆነበት ምክንያት ነው። መጽናናትንም ይከለክላል፣ ያም ሆኖ ተገደለና፣ ሕልሙም ሳይበገር ገፋ፣ እውነት መናገር የተረጋገጠ ማዳን ነው ብሎ ማስመሰልም ያዋርደዋልና። የተረጋገጠ ማዳን የለም። ጠባቧ በር ብቻ አለች፣ እርሷንም ክፍት ለማድረግ የሚደረግ የዕለት ተዕለት፣ ውበት አልባ፣ አደገኛ ልፋት።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">እንግዲያውስ በመጨረሻ ወደ 2010 ዓ.ም. ጸደይ፣ ወደተከፈቱት በሮች፣ ወደ እውነተኛው ነጻነት እንመለሳለን። እውነተኛ ነበር። ያ ፈጽሞ ቅዠት አልነበረም። ቅዠቱ ነጻነት፣ አንዴ ከተሰጠን በኋላ፣ ራሱን ይጠብቃል የሚል ነበር — ከላይ እንደ ስጦታ ተቀብለን፣ ደጋግመን፣ ከታች መሥራት ሳያስፈልገን። አሁን በስጦታው ውስጥ የታጠፈውን እናውቃለን፦ ተጠራጣሪው ሕገ መንግሥት፣ ገዢው ቁጥር፣ አስገዳጁ ሕልም። ማወቁ ራሱ ግን የመቃወሙ መጀመሪያ ነው። ወጥመዱን ‹ማየት› የሚችል ሕዝብ ከእንግዲህ ሙሉ በሙሉ አልተያዘበትም። በግንባር ቀደሙ ቃላት ሳይሆን በሴን ቃላት፣ ነጻነቱን እጅግ ድሃው ዜጋው በእውነት ማድረግና መሆን በሚችለው ለመለካት ሊመርጥ ይችላል። ራሱን እንደ ምክንያታዊ ከዳተኞች ሕዝብ አድርጎ የሚስለውን ሞዴል ሊክድና፣ ከመዋቅሩ እያንዳንዱ ማበረታቻ በተቃራኒ፣ መጀመሪያ የመተማመንን ምክንያታዊ ያልሆነና መሥራች ተግባር ሊፈጽም ይችላል። ኮሪደሩ አገር አለመሆኑን፣ ምዕራፉ ምግብ አለመሆኑን፣ በተራራው ላይ ያለው ቤተ መንግሥት ብሔር አለመሆኑን አጥብቆ ሊናገር ይችላል።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">ይህ ሁሉ የግድ የሚሆን አይደለም፣ ደኅንነቱ የተጠበቀም አይደለም። በሩ ጠባብ ነው፣ በራሱም ክፍት ሆኖ አይቆይም። ነገር ግን በር ነው፣ ከርቲስም ግድግዳ ብቻ ነው ያለው ብሎ መጠቆሙ ስህተት ነበር። በዓሉ ግርማ አገኘው። ሴን ገለጸው። እውነተኛውን ዓረፍተ ነገር ጮክ ብሎ የሚናገር እያንዳንዱ ዜጋ — ‹ይህ ነጻነት አይደለም፤ ይህ ሐሰተኛ ቅጂው ነው› — በዚያ ቅጽበት፣ በበሩ ደጃፍ ቆሞ፣ ለሚቀጥለው ሰው፣ በሰውነቱ ክፍት አድርጎ እየያዘው ነው። ‹ኦሮማይ›፣ አለ ሕልሙ። መጨረሻ። ከእንግዲህ የለም። እኛ ግን ለመስማማት አንገደድም።</p>
<h2 style="color:#B8860B;font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;font-size:1.15em;letter-spacing:0.04em;margin:2.2em 0 0.7em;border-bottom:1px solid #B8860B;padding-bottom:0.3em;">ምንጮች</h2>
<p style="margin:0 0 0.7em;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.7;color:#333;"><strong style="color:#7A0C0C;">ማጉያውን ማዞር።</strong> በአንድ ምክንያት ማብራሪያ ላይ ስላለው ሁሉን አቀፍ ዝንባሌ — ይህ ተከታታይ ጽሑፍ ለከርቲስ ራሱ ዘዴ ለሚያውለው ጥንቃቄ ያህል ለተመልካቾቹም ያውለዋል።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 0.7em;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.7;color:#333;"><strong style="color:#7A0C0C;">መውጫው።</strong> አማርትያ ሴን፣ «Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation» (1981) እና «Development as Freedom» (1999)፤ የኖቤል የምጣኔ ሀብት ሽልማት፣ 1998። በረሃብና በነጻ ፕሬስ አለመኖር መካከል ያለው ትስስር የሴን ሙግት ሲሆን፣ እንደዚያው ቀርቧል።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 0.7em;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.7;color:#333;"><strong style="color:#7A0C0C;">የኢትዮጵያ ምስክር።</strong> በዓሉ ግርማ፣ «ኦሮማይ» (1975 ዓ.ም./1983)፤ በማስታወቂያ ሚኒስቴር ውስጥ የነበረው ሚና፣ የቀይ ኮከብ ዘመቻ አውድ፣ እና በ1976 ዓ.ም. መጀመሪያ (1984) መጥፋቱ ከሕይወቱና ከሞቱ የሕዝብ መዝገብ የተወሰዱ ናቸው። የ‹ኦሮማይ› ፍቺ የተለመደውን አጠቃቀም ይከተላል፤ ልብ ወለዱ የዘመናዊ አማርኛ ሥነ ጽሑፍ ምዕራፍ ሆኖ ይቆያል።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 0.7em;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.7;color:#333;"><strong style="color:#7A0C0C;">የዘመኑ ምስክር።</strong> ገዱ አንዳርጋቸው የአማራ ክልል ዋና አስተዳዳሪ (2005–2011 ዓ.ም.)፣ የውጭ ጉዳይ ሚኒስትር (2011–2012 ዓ.ም.) እና ለጠቅላይ ሚኒስትሩ የብሔራዊ ደኅንነት አማካሪ (2012–2014 ዓ.ም.) ሆኖ አገልግሏል፤ በ2016 ዓ.ም. (2024) በዐቢይ አህመድ መንግሥት ላይ ያቀረበው ሕዝባዊ ትችት በመዝገብ ላይ ነው። ቀጥሎ በቁም እስር ተደረገ የሚሉ ዘገባዎች ከተቃዋሚ ጋር ከተያያዙ ስም-አልባ ምንጮች የመነጩ ናቸው፣ እዚህም እንደተዘገበ እንጂ በትሪቢዩኑ በራሱ እንዳልተረጋገጠ ቀርቧል። ማሳሰቢያ፦ እርሱን የመኪና ማቆሚያ ጠባቂ ሆኖ የሚያሳይ የተለየ በይነመረብ ላይ የተሰራጨ ምስል በ‹HaqCheck›ና በ‹MultiFactCheck› የፋክት-ቼክ አገልግሎቶች (ጥቅምት–ታኅሣሥ 2025) በሰው ሠራሽ አስተውሎት የተፈጠረና ሐሰተኛ ተብሎ ተገምግሟል፣ በዚህ ተከታታይ ጽሑፍም ሆን ተብሎ አልተጠቀመበትም።</p>
<p style="margin-top:2.4em;padding-top:1em;border-top:1px solid #B8860B;font-size:0.82em;color:#888;text-align:center;">ወጥመዱ · ክፍል ፭ ከ፭ · ዘ ኢትዮጵያን ትሪቢዩን</p>
</article>
<p></body></html></p>


		<div class=" twp-social-share  booster-clear">

						    <header class="twp-plugin-title twp-share-title">
			        <h2>Share</h2>
			    </header>
			
		    <div class="twp-share-container">
				<div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-facebook">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/09/%e1%8c%a0%e1%89%a3%e1%89%a7-%e1%89%a0%e1%88%ad/'); "  href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/09/%e1%8c%a0%e1%89%a3%e1%89%a7-%e1%89%a0%e1%88%ad/" >
			                                <span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>												<span class="twp-share-media">

													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M22.675 0h-21.35c-.732 0-1.325.593-1.325 1.325v21.351c0 .731.593 1.324 1.325 1.324h11.495v-9.294h-3.128v-3.622h3.128v-2.671c0-3.1 1.893-4.788 4.659-4.788 1.325 0 2.463.099 2.795.143v3.24l-1.918.001c-1.504 0-1.795.715-1.795 1.763v2.313h3.587l-.467 3.622h-3.12v9.293h6.116c.73 0 1.323-.593 1.323-1.325v-21.35c0-.732-.593-1.325-1.325-1.325z" /></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Facebook				                                        </span>
				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-twitter">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=ጠባቧ%20በር&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/09/%e1%8c%a0%e1%89%a3%e1%89%a7-%e1%89%a0%e1%88%ad/'); "  href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=ጠባቧ%20በር&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/09/%e1%8c%a0%e1%89%a3%e1%89%a7-%e1%89%a0%e1%88%ad/" >
			                                <span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>												<span class="twp-share-media">
													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z"></path></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Twitter				                                        </span>
												    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-pinterest">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow" href="javascript:twp_be_pinterest()">
											<span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>				                                <span class="twp-share-media">
													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M12.289,2C6.617,2,3.606,5.648,3.606,9.622c0,1.846,1.025,4.146,2.666,4.878c0.25,0.111,0.381,0.063,0.439-0.169 c0.044-0.175,0.267-1.029,0.365-1.428c0.032-0.128,0.017-0.237-0.091-0.362C6.445,11.911,6.01,10.75,6.01,9.668 c0-2.777,2.194-5.464,5.933-5.464c3.23,0,5.49,2.108,5.49,5.122c0,3.407-1.794,5.768-4.13,5.768c-1.291,0-2.257-1.021-1.948-2.277 c0.372-1.495,1.089-3.112,1.089-4.191c0-0.967-0.542-1.775-1.663-1.775c-1.319,0-2.379,1.309-2.379,3.059 c0,1.115,0.394,1.869,0.394,1.869s-1.302,5.279-1.54,6.261c-0.405,1.666,0.053,4.368,0.094,4.604 c0.021,0.126,0.167,0.169,0.25,0.063c0.129-0.165,1.699-2.419,2.142-4.051c0.158-0.59,0.817-2.995,0.817-2.995 c0.43,0.784,1.681,1.446,3.013,1.446c3.963,0,6.822-3.494,6.822-7.833C20.394,5.112,16.849,2,12.289,2"></path></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Pinterest				                                        </span>
				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-linkedin">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;title=ጠባቧ%20በር&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/09/%e1%8c%a0%e1%89%a3%e1%89%a7-%e1%89%a0%e1%88%ad/'); "  href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;title=ጠባቧ%20በር&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/09/%e1%8c%a0%e1%89%a3%e1%89%a7-%e1%89%a0%e1%88%ad/" >
																							<span class="twp-share-media">
				                                    <span class="share-media-nocount">
													    <svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19.7,3H4.3C3.582,3,3,3.582,3,4.3v15.4C3,20.418,3.582,21,4.3,21h15.4c0.718,0,1.3-0.582,1.3-1.3V4.3 C21,3.582,20.418,3,19.7,3z M8.339,18.338H5.667v-8.59h2.672V18.338z M7.004,8.574c-0.857,0-1.549-0.694-1.549-1.548 c0-0.855,0.691-1.548,1.549-1.548c0.854,0,1.547,0.694,1.547,1.548C8.551,7.881,7.858,8.574,7.004,8.574z M18.339,18.338h-2.669 v-4.177c0-0.996-0.017-2.278-1.387-2.278c-1.389,0-1.601,1.086-1.601,2.206v4.249h-2.667v-8.59h2.559v1.174h0.037 c0.356-0.675,1.227-1.387,2.526-1.387c2.703,0,3.203,1.779,3.203,4.092V18.338z"></path></svg>				                                    </span>
													<span class="twp-share-label twp-label-title">
				                                        LinkedIn				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
										</div>			</div>
		</div>

	            
            <div class="booster-block booster-author-block">
                <div class="be-author-details layout-square align-left">
                    <div class="be-author-wrapper">
                        <div class="booster-row">
                            <div class="booster-column booster-column-two booster-column-mobile">
                                <div class="be-author-image">
                                    <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a73c21d089723d10d1cbbbb9a3701985f832ae3401b74502eccdb093baa89da9?s=400&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a73c21d089723d10d1cbbbb9a3701985f832ae3401b74502eccdb093baa89da9?s=800&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-400 photo avatar-img" height="400" width="400" />                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="booster-column booster-column-eight booster-column-mobile">
                                <div class="author-details">
                                                                            <header class="twp-plugin-title twp-author-title">
                                            <h2>About Post Author</h2>
                                        </header>
                                                                        <h4 class="be-author-meta be-author-name">
                                        <a href="https://ethiopiantribune.com/author/admin/" class="booster-url-link">
                                            Ethiopian Tribune editor                                        </a>
                                    </h4>
                                                                                                                <div class="be-author-meta be-author-email">
                                            <a href="mailto: editor@ethiopiantribune.com" class="booster-url-link">
                                                <span class="booster-svg-icon booster-svg-envelope"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 3v18h24v-18h-24zm6.623 7.929l-4.623 5.712v-9.458l4.623 3.746zm-4.141-5.929h19.035l-9.517 7.713-9.518-7.713zm5.694 7.188l3.824 3.099 3.83-3.104 5.612 6.817h-18.779l5.513-6.812zm9.208-1.264l4.616-3.741v9.348l-4.616-5.607z" /></svg></span>editor@ethiopiantribune.com                                            </a>
                                        </div>
                                                                                                                <div class="be-author-meta be-author-url">
                                            <a href="https://ethiopiantribune.com" target="_blank" class="booster-url-link">
                                                <span class="booster-svg-icon booster-svg-sphere"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 11.25 1.5 C 5.035156 1.5 0 6.535156 0 12.75 C 0 18.964844 5.035156 24 11.25 24 C 17.464844 24 22.5 18.964844 22.5 12.75 C 22.5 6.535156 17.464844 1.5 11.25 1.5 Z M 17.617188 16.5 C 17.816406 15.550781 17.941406 14.546875 17.984375 13.5 L 20.972656 13.5 C 20.894531 14.535156 20.652344 15.542969 20.253906 16.5 Z M 4.882812 9 C 4.683594 9.949219 4.558594 10.953125 4.515625 12 L 1.527344 12 C 1.605469 10.964844 1.847656 9.957031 2.246094 9 Z M 16.078125 9 C 16.304688 9.960938 16.441406 10.964844 16.484375 12 L 12 12 L 12 9 Z M 12 7.5 L 12 3.109375 C 12.34375 3.210938 12.679688 3.375 13.011719 3.609375 C 13.636719 4.050781 14.230469 4.726562 14.738281 5.566406 C 15.085938 6.148438 15.386719 6.796875 15.640625 7.5 Z M 7.761719 5.566406 C 8.269531 4.726562 8.863281 4.050781 9.488281 3.609375 C 9.820312 3.375 10.15625 3.207031 10.5 3.109375 L 10.5 7.5 L 6.859375 7.5 C 7.113281 6.792969 7.414062 6.148438 7.761719 5.566406 Z M 10.5 9 L 10.5 12 L 6.015625 12 C 6.058594 10.964844 6.195312 9.960938 6.421875 9 Z M 2.246094 16.5 C 1.847656 15.542969 1.605469 14.535156 1.527344 13.5 L 4.515625 13.5 C 4.558594 14.546875 4.683594 15.550781 4.882812 16.5 Z M 6.015625 13.5 L 10.5 13.5 L 10.5 16.5 L 6.421875 16.5 C 6.195312 15.539062 6.058594 14.535156 6.015625 13.5 Z M 10.5 18 L 10.5 22.390625 C 10.15625 22.289062 9.820312 22.125 9.488281 21.890625 C 8.863281 21.449219 8.269531 20.773438 7.761719 19.933594 C 7.414062 19.351562 7.113281 18.703125 6.859375 18 Z M 14.738281 19.933594 C 14.230469 20.773438 13.636719 21.449219 13.011719 21.890625 C 12.679688 22.125 12.34375 22.292969 12 22.390625 L 12 18 L 15.640625 18 C 15.386719 18.707031 15.085938 19.351562 14.738281 19.933594 Z M 12 16.5 L 12 13.5 L 16.484375 13.5 C 16.441406 14.535156 16.304688 15.539062 16.078125 16.5 Z M 17.984375 12 C 17.945312 10.953125 17.816406 9.949219 17.617188 9 L 20.253906 9 C 20.652344 9.957031 20.894531 10.964844 20.972656 12 Z M 19.46875 7.5 L 17.222656 7.5 C 16.785156 6.121094 16.179688 4.914062 15.457031 3.949219 C 16.453125 4.429688 17.355469 5.066406 18.144531 5.855469 C 18.648438 6.359375 19.089844 6.910156 19.46875 7.5 Z M 4.355469 5.855469 C 5.144531 5.066406 6.046875 4.429688 7.042969 3.949219 C 6.320312 4.914062 5.714844 6.121094 5.277344 7.5 L 3.03125 7.5 C 3.410156 6.910156 3.851562 6.359375 4.355469 5.855469 Z M 3.03125 18 L 5.277344 18 C 5.714844 19.378906 6.320312 20.585938 7.042969 21.550781 C 6.046875 21.070312 5.144531 20.433594 4.355469 19.644531 C 3.851562 19.140625 3.410156 18.589844 3.03125 18 Z M 18.144531 19.644531 C 17.355469 20.433594 16.453125 21.070312 15.457031 21.550781 C 16.179688 20.585938 16.785156 19.378906 17.222656 18 L 19.46875 18 C 19.089844 18.589844 18.648438 19.140625 18.144531 19.644531 Z M 18.144531 19.644531 " /></svg></span>https://ethiopiantribune.com                                            </a>
                                        </div>
                                                                                                        </div>
                                <div class="be-author-profiles">
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
                    <div class="booster-block booster-reactions-block">
            <div class="twp-reactions-icons">
                
                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-1" post-id="5068" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/happy.svg" alt="Happy">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Happy                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                        
                                                <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-2" post-id="5068" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/sad.svg" alt="Sad">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Sad                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-3" post-id="5068" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/excited.svg" alt="Excited">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Excited                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-6" post-id="5068" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/sleepy.svg" alt="Sleepy">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Sleepy                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                        
                                                <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-4" post-id="5068" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/angry.svg" alt="Angry">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">Angry</div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                        
                    </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-5" post-id="5068" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/surprise.svg" alt="Surprise">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">Surprise</div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

            </div>
        </div>

    ]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/09/%e1%8c%a0%e1%89%a3%e1%89%a7-%e1%89%a0%e1%88%ad/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">5068</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>ማጥመጃው ሕልሙ ነው</title>
		<link>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%88%9b%e1%8c%a5%e1%88%98%e1%8c%83%e1%8b%8d-%e1%88%95%e1%88%8d%e1%88%99-%e1%8a%90%e1%8b%8d/</link>
					<comments>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%88%9b%e1%8c%a5%e1%88%98%e1%8c%83%e1%8b%8d-%e1%88%95%e1%88%8d%e1%88%99-%e1%8a%90%e1%8b%8d/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ethiopian Tribune editor]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2026 10:08:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Opinion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sustainability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ማህበራዊ ጉዳዮች]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ዘገባዎች በአማርኛ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ethionews]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ethiopia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[አማራ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ኢትዮጵያ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ኢትዮጵያን ትሪቢውን]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ethiopiantribune.com/?p=5066</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[ማጥመጃው ሕልሙ ነው — ዘ ኢትዮጵያን ትሪቢዩን ወጥመዱ — የኢትዮጵያ የነጻነት ሕልማችን ምን ሆነ ክፍል...]]></description>
			
			<div class="twp-like-dislike-button twp-like-dislike-thumb">

				
				<span data-id="5066" id="twp-post-like" class="twp-post-like-dislike can-like">
		            <img src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/thumbs-up.svg" />		        </span>

				<span class="twp-like-count">
		            0		        </span>

				
				<span data-id="5066" id="twp-post-dislike" class="twp-post-like-dislike can-dislike ">
		            <img src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/thumbs-down.svg" />		            
		        </span>

				<span class="twp-dislike-count">
		            0		        </span>

			</div>

									<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='booster-block booster-read-block'>
                <div class="twp-read-time">
                	<i class="booster-icon twp-clock"></i> <span>Read Time:</span>7 Minute, 3 Second                </div>

            </div><p><!DOCTYPE html><html lang="am"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><br />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><br />
<title>ማጥመጃው ሕልሙ ነው — ዘ ኢትዮጵያን ትሪቢዩን</title></head><br />
<body style="margin:0;background:#faf8f4;"></p>
<article style="max-width:44em;margin:0 auto;padding:2.4em 1.3em 3.4em;font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;background:#fffdf9;">
<div style="letter-spacing:0.06em;font-size:0.78em;color:#B8860B;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:0.5em;">ወጥመዱ — የኢትዮጵያ የነጻነት ሕልማችን ምን ሆነ</div>
<div style="letter-spacing:0.1em;font-size:0.78em;color:#7A0C0C;margin-bottom:1.1em;">ክፍል ፬ ከ፭</div>
<h1 style="font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;font-size:2.3em;line-height:1.25;color:#7A0C0C;margin:0 0 0.35em;font-weight:700;">ማጥመጃው ሕልሙ ነው</h1>
<p style="font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;font-size:1.2em;color:#B8860B;margin:0 0 1.2em;line-height:1.5;">ብልጽግና፣ ቡልዶዘሩ፣ እና የሚያስገድደው ነጻነት</p>
<p style="font-size:0.85em;color:#555;border-top:1px solid #ddd;border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;padding:0.6em 0;margin:0 0 1.8em;">በ<strong>ኢ. ፍራሺ</strong> &nbsp;·&nbsp; ዘ ኢትዮጵያን ትሪቢዩን</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;"><span style="float:left;font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;font-size:3.6em;line-height:0.9;font-weight:700;color:#7A0C0C;padding:0.02em 0.12em 0 0;;">ወ</span>ጥመድ መንጋጋ ያስፈልገዋል፣ ሁለቱ ሲዘጉም ተመልክተናል፦ እያንዳንዱ ሕዝብ በሌሎቹ ላይ እንዲታጠቅ ያስተማረው ሕገ መንግሥት፣ መንግሥት ከሕዝቡ በላይ መሣሪያዎቹን እንዲያምን ያስተማረው ምዕራፍ። ነገር ግን ወጥመድ ማጥመጃም ያስፈልገዋል — የሚፈለግ ነገር፣ የሚዘረጋለት ነገር፣ ፍጡሩን በራሱ ፈቃድ ወደ ማሽኑ የሚስብ ነገር። ከርቲስ እንድንሰማው የሚፈልገው ጭካኔ፣ ወደ ነጻነት ወጥመድ ማንም አይጎተትም የሚል ነው። እኛው ራሳችን እንገባለን። የሚስበንም ያለን እጅግ ውብ ነገር ነው፦ ሕልሙ ራሱ።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">እዚህ ጋር መላው ፊልሙ ወደ ተገነባበት ሐሳብ እንደርሳለን፣ በትክክልም መግለጹ ተገቢ ነው፣ የሁሉም ማጠፊያ ነውና። አይዛያ በርሊን በ1958 በኦክስፎርድ ባቀረበው ‹ሁለቱ የነጻነት ጽንሰ ሐሳቦች› (Two Concepts of Liberty) ንግግሩ፣ ይህን ተከታታይ ጽሑፍ ከመጀመሪያው ያደራጀውን ልዩነት አበጀ። አሉታዊ ነጻነት ‹ከ›ነጻ መሆን ነው — የጣልቃ ገብነት አለመኖር፣ ሰው እንደፈቀደ እንዲኖር የሚተውበት ምኅዳር። አዎንታዊ ነጻነት ‹ለ›ነጻ መሆን ነው — ራስን መግዛት፣ ራስን መገንዘብ፣ ከፍ ያለውን፣ እውነተኛውን፣ ሙሉ በሙሉ የተገነዘበውን ራስ የመሆን ነጻነት። የበርሊን ማስጠንቀቂያ፣ በቀዝቃዛ ጦርነት ጫፍ ላይ የቀረበውና የክፍለ ዘመኑን አምባገነንነቶች ያነጣጠረው፣ ሁለተኛው ጽንሰ ሐሳብ በእጅጉ ይበልጥ አደገኛ ነው የሚል ነበር። እውነተኛ ማንነትህን አውቃለሁ ብዬ በምናገርበት ቅጽበት — ይበልጥ ጥበበኛ፣ ከሐሰተኛ ንቃተ ኅሊና ነጻ፣ ከራስህ ግራ መጋባት የተላቀቅህ ብትሆን የምትሆነውን ማንነት — በእውነት ያለኸውን ማንነት የመሻር ፈቃድ ለራሴ ሰጥቻለሁ። ነጻ ላወጣው የወሰንኩትን እውነተኛ ‹አንተ› ስም እየጠራሁ፣ በተጨባጭ ያለኸውን ‹አንተ›ን ላስገድድ እችላለሁ። ጭቆና ወደ ማዳን ይለወጣል። በአንገት ላይ ያለው ጫማ የእንክብካቤ ተግባር ይሆናል።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">በርሊን ይህ ሐሳብ የተወለደበትን በትክክል ያውቅ ነበር፣ ከርቲስም እንዲሁ። እጅግ ንጹህ ምንጩ ሩሶ ነው፣ በ‹ማኅበራዊ ውል› (The Social Contract, 1762) ውስጥ ያለው፣ የሚሰማው ዜጋ ሁሉ ሊሸበር የሚገባው ዓረፍተ ነገር ደግሞ ይህ ነው፦ የጋራውን ፈቃድ ለመታዘዝ የሚከለክል ማንኛውም ሰው በመላው አካል እንዲታዘዝ ይገደዳል፣ ይህም ‹ነጻ እንዲሆን ይገደዳል ከማለት ያነሰ ምንም አይደለም።› ከዚያ ሐረግ፣ ከርቲስ እንደሚከራከረው፣ አንድ መስመር ወደ ሮቤስፒየርና ወደ ‹ሽብሩ› (the Terror) ይዘልቃል — የሕዝብ ደኅንነት ኮሚቴ በበጎ ምግባር ስም ሲገድል፣ ‹ሕዝብ›ን ለማድረስ ሕዝቡን ሲገድል — እናም በእያንዳንዱ አብዮታዊ ግንባር ቀደም ውስጥ፣ ለማዳን ሲል ራሱን ሲያፈርስ ባገኘው ሁሉ ውስጥ ይቀጥላል። ይህ ክፍል ስሙን የወሰደው ሦስተኛው ክፍሉ፣ መስመሩን ወደ የራሳችን ዘመን ይከተላል፣ በኢራቅ ላይ ነጻነትን በጠመንጃ አፈሙዝ የመጫን የኒዮ-ወግ አጥባቂ ሕልም በኩል። ጭሮ የሚተወው ቅራኔ ፍጹም ነው፦ አሉታዊ ነጻነትን — ‹ከ›ነጻነትን — ለማስፋፋት የሚደረግ ሙከራ እንኳ፣ በኃይልና በግንባር ቀደምና በዕቅድ ሲካሄድ፣ እጅግ ኃይለኛ ወደሆነ የአዎንታዊ ነጻነት ፕሮጀክት ይለወጣል። ነጻ ሊያወጡህ የሚፈልጉ ሰዎች ሳያስገድዱህ አይቀሩም።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">አሁን ያንን የንግግር አዳራሽ ረቂቅ ሐሳብ በአንድ እጅህ ያዝ፣ በሌላው እጅህም የኢትዮጵያን ገዢ ፓርቲ ያዝ፣ ስሙንም አንብብ። ብልጽግና። በ2012 ዓ.ም. (2019) ኢሕአዴግ ራሱን አፍርሶ ወራሾቹን እንደ ‹ብልጽግና ፓርቲ› መልሶ አዋቀረ — በዚህም፣ ምናልባት ባላሰበው ታማኝነት፣ ራሱን በአንድ መድረሻ ስም ሰየመ። የሂደት፣ የውይይት፣ የተፎካካሪ በጎ ነገሮች ትዕግሥተኛ ድርድር ፓርቲ ሳይሆን፣ የመድረስ ፓርቲ፦ የኢትዮጵያን ሕዝብ ወደ ተመኘለት ብልጽግና ያለው፣ ክቡር፣ ገናና መጻኢ ጊዜ የሚያደርስ ተሽከርካሪ። መሪ ፍልስፍናው ‹መደመር›፣ በ2012 ዓ.ም. በጠቅላይ ሚኒስትሩ የመጽሐፍ መልክ የተሰጠው፣ ብዙ ግጥማዊነቱ እንዳለ ሆኖ፣ የዜጋው ‹እውነተኛ› የጋራ ማንነት አስተምህሮ ነው፦ ጠባቡን፣ ከፋፋዩን፣ የዜሮ ድምር ትስስሮቹን ወደ ጎን አድርጎ ራሱን ወደ ትልቅ ሙሉ የሚደምር ማንነት። በበርሊን ትክክለኛ አመዳደብ የአዎንታዊ ነጻነት ፍልስፍና ነው። ኢትዮጵያውያን ምን መሆን እንዳለባቸው ያውቃል። ምን መሆን እንዳለብህ የሚያውቅ እንቅስቃሴም፣ አስቀድሞ በጭላጭ፣ እንድትሆነው የማድረግ መብት ለራሱ ሰጥቷል።</p>
<blockquote style="border-top:2px solid #7A0C0C;border-bottom:2px solid #7A0C0C;color:#7A0C0C;font-size:1.3em;line-height:1.7;text-align:center;max-width:34em;margin:1.8em auto;padding:0.7em 0.5em;font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;"><p>በ2010 ዓ.ም. የእስር ቤቱን በሮች የከፈተው ሰው፣ ቡልዶዘሩን ሲይዝ ሕልሙን አልከዳም። እያገለገለው ነበር። በርሊን ሊያስጠነቅቀን የሞከረው አስፈሪ ነገር ይህ ነው፦ አንድ ዓይነት ሕልም ነው።</p></blockquote>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">እንግዲያውስ ሕልሙ ቡልዶዘር ሲሆን ተመልከት — ቃል በቃል፣ በተጨባጭ፣ በዋና ከተማዋ ጎዳናዎች ላይ። ከ2014 ዓ.ም. (2022) ጀምሮ በአዲስ አበባ የተካሄዱት፣ በ2016ና በ2017 ዓ.ም. (2024–2025) ወደ አዳማ፣ ሐዋሳ፣ ድሬዳዋና ሌሎች ከተሞች የተስፋፉት የኮሪደር ልማት ፕሮጀክቶች፣ የአዎንታዊ ነጻነት መንግሥት በአስፋልትና በማፍረስ የታየ ነው። ራእዩ በእውነት የሚያማልል ነው፦ ንጹህ፣ ዘመናዊ፣ የዓለም ደረጃ ያለው ከተማ — ሰፊ ጎዳናዎች፣ ፏፏቴዎች፣ የብስክሌት መስመሮች፣ የሚያብረቀርቁ ማማዎች፣ ለታላቅ አገርና ለታላቅ አህጉር የሚመጥን ዋና ከተማ። ለመገንባትም፣ ቤቶች ይመለከታሉ፣ ይነሳሉ፣ ወደ ፍርስራሽ ይቀነሳሉ። የሰብአዊ መብት ድርጅቶችና ዓለም አቀፍ ሚዲያዎች የበርካታ ነዋሪዎችን መፈናቀል ዘግበዋል — የመብት ተቆጣጣሪዎች አኃዙን በአስር ሺዎች አስቀምጠውታል — ብዙዎቹ ወደ ዳር ተዛውረው፣ ካሳውም፣ በዚያው ዘገባ መሠረት፣ ከበቂ ማነስ እስከ አለመኖር ደርሷል። ዕቅዱን የሚተርፈው ሰፈር፣ በንድፍ ሊገባ የማይችለው መደበኛ ያልሆነ ኑሮ፣ አይጠየቅም። ይነሳል። እዚያ የኖሩ ሰዎችም ይነገራቸዋል — ይህን የሚናገሩ ብዙዎች እንደሚያምኑበት አልጠራጠርም — ይህ ለእነርሱ፣ ለብልጽግናቸው፣ ለክብራቸው፣ የልጅ ልጆቻቸው ለሚወርሱት ውብ ኢትዮጵያ እየተደረገ ነው። ሩሶና በርሊን ሊመኙት በሚችሉት ትክክለኛ ስሜት፣ ነጻ እንዲሆኑ እየተገደዱ ነው።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">ውበቱ ከጎዳናው ወደ ቤተ መንግሥቱ ይወጣል። በእንጦጦ ከፍታ ላይ የተዘገበው ግዙፍ፣ ሚስጥራዊ ፕሮጀክት — ጠቅላይ ሚኒስትሩ ራሳቸው በጠቀሱት አኃዝ መሠረት ወጪው አሥር ቢሊዮን የአሜሪካ ዶላር ገደማ ተብሎ የተዘገበ አዲስ ብሔራዊ ቤተ መንግሥት፣ ከሰው ሠራሽ ሐይቆችና ከንጉሠ ነገሥታዊ የመሬት አቀማመጥ ጋር — ሕልሙ በእጅግ ራቁቱ መልኩ ነው፦ ብሔራዊ ታላቅነት እንደሚገነባ ነገር፣ በታችኛው ሸለቆ ብሩ ሲንኮታኮት ሳለ በድንጋይና በውሃ የቀረበ ዕጣ ፈንታ። ሰዋሰዉ ይታወቃል። የሕዝቡን መጻኢ ጊዜ ከሕዝቡ በላይ ካወቀ እያንዳንዱ ግንባር ቀደም ሰዋሰው ነው — ሐውልቱ፣ የአምስት ዓመት ዕቅዱ፣ ናሙና መንደሩ፣ በኮረብታው ላይ ያለች የምታበራ ከተማ። የራእዩ ስፋት፣ ለእርሱ ሊሰዋ ከሚችለው ስፋት ጋር በትክክል የተመጣጠነ ነው።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">በእጅግ ትልቁ ስፋት፣ ጦርነቶቹ በዚያው ሰዋሰው ሊነበቡ ይችላሉ — ምንም እንኳ እዚህ በዚህ ተከታታይ ጽሑፍ ሁሉ ውስጥ በእጅግ ጥንቃቄ መርገጥ ቢያስፈልግም። በትግራይ፣ በአማራ፣ በኦሮሚያ ባሉት ዘመቻዎች ውስጥ የአዎንታዊ ነጻነት አመክንዮን በመጨረሻው ደረጃው ማየት ይቻላል፦ የተዋሐደች፣ ሥርዓት ያላት፣ ብልጽግና ያላት ኢትዮጵያ እጅግ ታላቅ በጎ ነገር ናት፣ በግልጽም የሕዝቡ እውነተኛ ዕጣ ፈንታ ናት፣ በመሆኑም መቃወሟ በሕጋዊ መንገድ ሊሰበር ይችላል የሚል እምነት። የጠቅላላው ሕልም የክፍሉን መሰበር ይፈቅዳል። ነገር ግን እነዚያን ጦርነቶች ወደ ፍልስፍና ንግግር አልቀንሳቸውም፣ አንባቢውም እንዲሁ ማድረግ የለበትም። በመቶ ሺዎች የሚቆጠሩ ሞተዋል። ያንን ወደ አንድ ሐሳብ ንጹህ የዘር ሐረግ ማጠፍ፣ በወረቀት ላይ፣ ይህ ተከታታይ ጽሑፍ የሚያወግዘውን ረቂቅነት መፈጸም ነው — ሞዴሉን ከእውነታው፣ ቁጥሩን ከአፉ መቀየር። ማዕቀፉ አመክንዮውን ያብራ፣ ሙታኑ ግን፣ አጥብቀው፣ ሙታን ሆነው ይቅሩ። አንዳንድ ነገሮች ውብ መደረግ የለባቸውም።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">ይህም እንደገና ወደ ተግሣጹ ይመልሰናል። እዚህ የቀረበው ንባብ የራሱ ማማለል አለው፣ የክፉ ሰው መነሻ ታሪክ ማማለል — ዐቢይ አህመድ ሁልጊዜ አስገዳጅ ሊሆን የነበረ ሰው፣ ቡልዶዘሩ አስቀድሞ በልቡ የሚንተከተክ ነጻ አውጪ አድርጎ። ተቃወመው። ይበልጥ እውነተኛውና ይበልጥ አስፈሪው ዘገባ፣ ትክክለኛው ከርቲሳዊ የሆነው፣ በርሊን ራሱ የጻፈው፣ ጨርሶ ክፉ ሰው ማስፈለግ የለበትም የሚል ነው። ሕልሙ ማጎሪያ ለመሆን አስመሳይ አይፈልግም። ኃይል ያለውና ሕዝቡ ምን መሆን እንዳለበት ራእይ ያለው ቅን አማኝ ብቻ ይፈልጋል። ሰውዬው በ2010 ዓ.ም. እያንዳንዱን ቃል ከልቡ ተናግሮት፣ አሁንም እያንዳንዱን ቃል ከልቡ ማለቱ፣ እናም ማየት አለመቻሉ — የአዎንታዊ ነጻነት መዋቅር ማየትን ፈጽሞ የማይቻል ስለሚያደርገው — አሁን የሚጭነው ነጻነትና ቀደም ሲል የለቀቀው ነጻነት፣ በፍልስፍና፣ አንድ ተግባር ወደ ውስጥ የተገለበጠ መሆኑን፣ ፈጽሞ ሊሆን የሚችል ነው። ይህ ከጥፋተኝነት ነጻ ማውጣት አይደለም። ቅን አስገዳጅ አሁንም አስገዳጅ ነው፣ የተፈናቀሉትም ባፈናቀላቸው ዓላማ ንጹህነት ምክንያት ያነሰ አልተፈናቀሉም። ይበልጥ ከባድ ነገር ነው፦ የጭራቅ መጽናኛ የሚነፍገን፣ በምትኩም እጅግ ይበልጥ የሚያስጨንቀውን ዕድል የሚሰጠን ማብራሪያ — ወጥመዱ በሕልሙ ውስጥ የተገነባ መሆኑን፣ ማንኛችንም ያንን ሕልምና ያንን ኃይል ይዘን ልንፈነቅለው እንደምንችል።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">ታላቁን ስፋት መፈለግ ሳያስፈልግ አመክንዮው ሲሠራ ማየት ይቻላል፤ ትንሹ ስፋት፣ በዚህ ሳምንት ራሱ፣ በቂ ነው። ቅዳሜ፣ ነሐሴ 16 ቀን 2018 ዓ.ም. — 22 ኦገስት 2026 — ጠዋት፣ ትሪቢዩኑ በሌላ ቦታ ማረጋገጥ ባልቻለው በ‹ብስራት ሚዲያ› የቪዲዮ ዘገባ መሠረት፣ አንድ ግለሰብ ብቻውን ወደ መገናኛ — ከአዲስ አበባ እጅግ ከተጨናነቁ መስቀለኛ መንገዶች አንዱ — ገባ፣ የጠቅላይ ሚኒስትሩን ስም የጠቀሰ መፈክር በብረት ላይ አስደግፎ፣ ሙሉ በሙሉ ብቻውን ተቃውሞ ማሰማት ጀመረ። መሣሪያ አልያዘም፣ ንቅናቄም አልመራም። በእጅግ ቃል በቃል ስሜት፣ ወደ ጋራው ሕልም ውስጥ ለመደመር ፈቃደኛ ያልሆነ አንድ ተጨባጭ ዜጋ ነበር። በዚያው ዘገባ መሠረት፣ በደቂቃዎች ውስጥ በአካባቢው የነበሩ ፖሊሶች ይዘውት ወደ ጣቢያ ወሰዱት፤ ቪዲዮው እስከተሰራጨበት ጊዜ ድረስም ኦፊሴላዊ ማብራሪያ አልተሰጠም። ትሪቢዩኑ ክስተቱን በአንድ ብቻ ምንጭ እንደተዘገበ እንጂ በራሱ እንዳልተረጋገጠ ይመዘግባል። ሰዋሰዉን ግን ልብ በል፦ ሕዝቡ ምን መሆን እንዳለበት ራእይ ዙሪያ በተደራጀ ሥርዓት ውስጥ፣ በአደባባይ ቆሞ ‹ደኅና አይደለሁም፣ እናንተም አስከፍታችሁኛል› የሚል ሰው መልስ አይሰጠውም፣ አይከራከሩትም። እንደ ፍርስራሽ፣ ከምስሉ ይጠረጋል።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">ሁለቱ መንጋጋዎች ተዘግተዋል። ማጥመጃው ሥራውን ሠርቷል። ስለዚህም በመጨረሻ ወደሚያስፈልገው ብቸኛ ጥያቄ እንደርሳለን፣ ከርቲስ የሚጠይቀውና፣ በተለመደው ጨለምተኝነቱ፣ ለመመለስ የሚያመነታውን። ከወጥመዱ መውጫ መንገድ አለ? በጥርጣሬ ያልተቀረጸ፣ በግንባር ቀደም ያልተላከ፣ በመንግሥት ያልተቆጠረ ወይም በሕልም ያልተጫነ የነጻነት ሐሳብ ለእኛ የቀረ አለ? ለመመለስ — ወይም ቢያንስ ተስፋ መቁረጥን በታማኝነት ለመከልከል — እንግሊዛዊውን ፊልም ሠሪ ትተን፣ እርሱ ወደ ማይጠቅሳቸው ሁለት ሰዎች መዞር አለብን፦ ዘመኑን ሙሉ ነጻነትን በተለየ መንገድ የለካ ሕንዳዊ የምጣኔ ሀብት ተመራማሪ፣ እና ስለ አንድ ሕልም እውነት በመናገሩ የተገደለ ኢትዮጵያዊ ደራሲ።</p>
<h2 style="color:#B8860B;font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;font-size:1.15em;letter-spacing:0.04em;margin:2.2em 0 0.7em;border-bottom:1px solid #B8860B;padding-bottom:0.3em;">ምንጮች</h2>
<p style="margin:0 0 0.7em;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.7;color:#333;"><strong style="color:#7A0C0C;">ሁለቱ ነጻነቶች።</strong> አይዛያ በርሊን፣ «Two Concepts of Liberty» (1958)፤ ዣን-ዣክ ሩሶ፣ «The Social Contract» (1762)፤ አዳም ከርቲስ፣ «ዘ ትራፕ»፣ ክፍል 3፣ «We Will Force You To Be Free» (BBC, 2007)።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 0.7em;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.7;color:#333;"><strong style="color:#7A0C0C;">ሕልሙ በሥልጣን ላይ።</strong> የኢሕአዴግ መፍረስና የብልጽግና ፓርቲ መመሥረት (2012 ዓ.ም./2019)፤ ዐቢይ አህመድ፣ «መደመር» (2012 ዓ.ም./2019)።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 0.7em;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.7;color:#333;"><strong style="color:#7A0C0C;">ቡልዶዘሩ።</strong> የኮሪደር ልማት መርሐ ግብር (አዲስ አበባ ከ2014 ዓ.ም./2022 ጀምሮ፤ የኋላ ምዕራፎች በአዳማ፣ ሐዋሳ፣ ድሬዳዋና በሌሎችም)። መፈናቀልና ካሳ በሰብአዊ መብት ድርጅቶችና በዓለም አቀፍ ሚዲያ እንደተዘገበ፤ እዚህ የተጠቀሱ አኃዞች እንደተዘገቡ እንጂ በትሪቢዩኑ በራሱ እንዳልተረጋገጡ፣ በዝግጅት ወቅት ወደ ተሰየሙ ተቆጣጣሪዎች ይመሠረታሉ። የእንጦጦ ብሔራዊ ቤተ መንግሥት ፕሮጀክትና የተዘገበው 10 ቢሊዮን ዶላር ገደማ ወጪው እንዲሁ እንደተዘገበ ይጠቀሳል።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 0.7em;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.7;color:#333;"><strong style="color:#7A0C0C;">አስፈላጊ ጥንቃቄ።</strong> በትግራይ፣ በአማራና በኦሮሚያ ያሉት ግጭቶች ማጣቀሻዎች የአንድ ፖለቲካዊ አመክንዮ ማሳያ ናቸው፣ ሆን ተብሎም እዚህ በቁጥር አልተገለጹም፤ የተጎጂና የመፈናቀል አኃዞች፣ ጥቅም ላይ ሲውሉ፣ በተናጠል መመንጨት አለባቸው። የተዘገበው የመገናኛ ብቸኛ ተቃውሞ (16 ነሐሴ 2018 ዓ.ም. / 22 ኦገስት 2026) በ‹ብስራት ሚዲያ› ብቸኛ የቪዲዮ ዘገባ የተመሠረተ ነው፤ ትሪቢዩኑ አረጋጋጭ ዘገባም ሆነ ኦፊሴላዊ የፖሊስ መግለጫ አላገኘም፣ በአንድ ብቻ ምንጭ እንደተዘገበ እንጂ በራሱ እንዳልተረጋገጠ ያቀርበዋል።</p>
<p style="margin-top:2.4em;padding-top:1em;border-top:1px solid #B8860B;font-size:0.82em;color:#888;text-align:center;">ወጥመዱ · ክፍል ፬ ከ፭ · ዘ ኢትዮጵያን ትሪቢዩን</p>
</article>
<p></body></html></p>


		<div class=" twp-social-share  booster-clear">

						    <header class="twp-plugin-title twp-share-title">
			        <h2>Share</h2>
			    </header>
			
		    <div class="twp-share-container">
				<div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-facebook">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%88%9b%e1%8c%a5%e1%88%98%e1%8c%83%e1%8b%8d-%e1%88%95%e1%88%8d%e1%88%99-%e1%8a%90%e1%8b%8d/'); "  href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%88%9b%e1%8c%a5%e1%88%98%e1%8c%83%e1%8b%8d-%e1%88%95%e1%88%8d%e1%88%99-%e1%8a%90%e1%8b%8d/" >
			                                <span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>												<span class="twp-share-media">

													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M22.675 0h-21.35c-.732 0-1.325.593-1.325 1.325v21.351c0 .731.593 1.324 1.325 1.324h11.495v-9.294h-3.128v-3.622h3.128v-2.671c0-3.1 1.893-4.788 4.659-4.788 1.325 0 2.463.099 2.795.143v3.24l-1.918.001c-1.504 0-1.795.715-1.795 1.763v2.313h3.587l-.467 3.622h-3.12v9.293h6.116c.73 0 1.323-.593 1.323-1.325v-21.35c0-.732-.593-1.325-1.325-1.325z" /></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Facebook				                                        </span>
				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-twitter">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=ማጥመጃው%20ሕልሙ%20ነው&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%88%9b%e1%8c%a5%e1%88%98%e1%8c%83%e1%8b%8d-%e1%88%95%e1%88%8d%e1%88%99-%e1%8a%90%e1%8b%8d/'); "  href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=ማጥመጃው%20ሕልሙ%20ነው&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%88%9b%e1%8c%a5%e1%88%98%e1%8c%83%e1%8b%8d-%e1%88%95%e1%88%8d%e1%88%99-%e1%8a%90%e1%8b%8d/" >
			                                <span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>												<span class="twp-share-media">
													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z"></path></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Twitter				                                        </span>
												    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-pinterest">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow" href="javascript:twp_be_pinterest()">
											<span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>				                                <span class="twp-share-media">
													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M12.289,2C6.617,2,3.606,5.648,3.606,9.622c0,1.846,1.025,4.146,2.666,4.878c0.25,0.111,0.381,0.063,0.439-0.169 c0.044-0.175,0.267-1.029,0.365-1.428c0.032-0.128,0.017-0.237-0.091-0.362C6.445,11.911,6.01,10.75,6.01,9.668 c0-2.777,2.194-5.464,5.933-5.464c3.23,0,5.49,2.108,5.49,5.122c0,3.407-1.794,5.768-4.13,5.768c-1.291,0-2.257-1.021-1.948-2.277 c0.372-1.495,1.089-3.112,1.089-4.191c0-0.967-0.542-1.775-1.663-1.775c-1.319,0-2.379,1.309-2.379,3.059 c0,1.115,0.394,1.869,0.394,1.869s-1.302,5.279-1.54,6.261c-0.405,1.666,0.053,4.368,0.094,4.604 c0.021,0.126,0.167,0.169,0.25,0.063c0.129-0.165,1.699-2.419,2.142-4.051c0.158-0.59,0.817-2.995,0.817-2.995 c0.43,0.784,1.681,1.446,3.013,1.446c3.963,0,6.822-3.494,6.822-7.833C20.394,5.112,16.849,2,12.289,2"></path></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Pinterest				                                        </span>
				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-linkedin">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;title=ማጥመጃው%20ሕልሙ%20ነው&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%88%9b%e1%8c%a5%e1%88%98%e1%8c%83%e1%8b%8d-%e1%88%95%e1%88%8d%e1%88%99-%e1%8a%90%e1%8b%8d/'); "  href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;title=ማጥመጃው%20ሕልሙ%20ነው&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%88%9b%e1%8c%a5%e1%88%98%e1%8c%83%e1%8b%8d-%e1%88%95%e1%88%8d%e1%88%99-%e1%8a%90%e1%8b%8d/" >
																							<span class="twp-share-media">
				                                    <span class="share-media-nocount">
													    <svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19.7,3H4.3C3.582,3,3,3.582,3,4.3v15.4C3,20.418,3.582,21,4.3,21h15.4c0.718,0,1.3-0.582,1.3-1.3V4.3 C21,3.582,20.418,3,19.7,3z M8.339,18.338H5.667v-8.59h2.672V18.338z M7.004,8.574c-0.857,0-1.549-0.694-1.549-1.548 c0-0.855,0.691-1.548,1.549-1.548c0.854,0,1.547,0.694,1.547,1.548C8.551,7.881,7.858,8.574,7.004,8.574z M18.339,18.338h-2.669 v-4.177c0-0.996-0.017-2.278-1.387-2.278c-1.389,0-1.601,1.086-1.601,2.206v4.249h-2.667v-8.59h2.559v1.174h0.037 c0.356-0.675,1.227-1.387,2.526-1.387c2.703,0,3.203,1.779,3.203,4.092V18.338z"></path></svg>				                                    </span>
													<span class="twp-share-label twp-label-title">
				                                        LinkedIn				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
										</div>			</div>
		</div>

	            
            <div class="booster-block booster-author-block">
                <div class="be-author-details layout-square align-left">
                    <div class="be-author-wrapper">
                        <div class="booster-row">
                            <div class="booster-column booster-column-two booster-column-mobile">
                                <div class="be-author-image">
                                    <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a73c21d089723d10d1cbbbb9a3701985f832ae3401b74502eccdb093baa89da9?s=400&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a73c21d089723d10d1cbbbb9a3701985f832ae3401b74502eccdb093baa89da9?s=800&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-400 photo avatar-img" height="400" width="400" />                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="booster-column booster-column-eight booster-column-mobile">
                                <div class="author-details">
                                                                            <header class="twp-plugin-title twp-author-title">
                                            <h2>About Post Author</h2>
                                        </header>
                                                                        <h4 class="be-author-meta be-author-name">
                                        <a href="https://ethiopiantribune.com/author/admin/" class="booster-url-link">
                                            Ethiopian Tribune editor                                        </a>
                                    </h4>
                                                                                                                <div class="be-author-meta be-author-email">
                                            <a href="mailto: editor@ethiopiantribune.com" class="booster-url-link">
                                                <span class="booster-svg-icon booster-svg-envelope"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 3v18h24v-18h-24zm6.623 7.929l-4.623 5.712v-9.458l4.623 3.746zm-4.141-5.929h19.035l-9.517 7.713-9.518-7.713zm5.694 7.188l3.824 3.099 3.83-3.104 5.612 6.817h-18.779l5.513-6.812zm9.208-1.264l4.616-3.741v9.348l-4.616-5.607z" /></svg></span>editor@ethiopiantribune.com                                            </a>
                                        </div>
                                                                                                                <div class="be-author-meta be-author-url">
                                            <a href="https://ethiopiantribune.com" target="_blank" class="booster-url-link">
                                                <span class="booster-svg-icon booster-svg-sphere"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 11.25 1.5 C 5.035156 1.5 0 6.535156 0 12.75 C 0 18.964844 5.035156 24 11.25 24 C 17.464844 24 22.5 18.964844 22.5 12.75 C 22.5 6.535156 17.464844 1.5 11.25 1.5 Z M 17.617188 16.5 C 17.816406 15.550781 17.941406 14.546875 17.984375 13.5 L 20.972656 13.5 C 20.894531 14.535156 20.652344 15.542969 20.253906 16.5 Z M 4.882812 9 C 4.683594 9.949219 4.558594 10.953125 4.515625 12 L 1.527344 12 C 1.605469 10.964844 1.847656 9.957031 2.246094 9 Z M 16.078125 9 C 16.304688 9.960938 16.441406 10.964844 16.484375 12 L 12 12 L 12 9 Z M 12 7.5 L 12 3.109375 C 12.34375 3.210938 12.679688 3.375 13.011719 3.609375 C 13.636719 4.050781 14.230469 4.726562 14.738281 5.566406 C 15.085938 6.148438 15.386719 6.796875 15.640625 7.5 Z M 7.761719 5.566406 C 8.269531 4.726562 8.863281 4.050781 9.488281 3.609375 C 9.820312 3.375 10.15625 3.207031 10.5 3.109375 L 10.5 7.5 L 6.859375 7.5 C 7.113281 6.792969 7.414062 6.148438 7.761719 5.566406 Z M 10.5 9 L 10.5 12 L 6.015625 12 C 6.058594 10.964844 6.195312 9.960938 6.421875 9 Z M 2.246094 16.5 C 1.847656 15.542969 1.605469 14.535156 1.527344 13.5 L 4.515625 13.5 C 4.558594 14.546875 4.683594 15.550781 4.882812 16.5 Z M 6.015625 13.5 L 10.5 13.5 L 10.5 16.5 L 6.421875 16.5 C 6.195312 15.539062 6.058594 14.535156 6.015625 13.5 Z M 10.5 18 L 10.5 22.390625 C 10.15625 22.289062 9.820312 22.125 9.488281 21.890625 C 8.863281 21.449219 8.269531 20.773438 7.761719 19.933594 C 7.414062 19.351562 7.113281 18.703125 6.859375 18 Z M 14.738281 19.933594 C 14.230469 20.773438 13.636719 21.449219 13.011719 21.890625 C 12.679688 22.125 12.34375 22.292969 12 22.390625 L 12 18 L 15.640625 18 C 15.386719 18.707031 15.085938 19.351562 14.738281 19.933594 Z M 12 16.5 L 12 13.5 L 16.484375 13.5 C 16.441406 14.535156 16.304688 15.539062 16.078125 16.5 Z M 17.984375 12 C 17.945312 10.953125 17.816406 9.949219 17.617188 9 L 20.253906 9 C 20.652344 9.957031 20.894531 10.964844 20.972656 12 Z M 19.46875 7.5 L 17.222656 7.5 C 16.785156 6.121094 16.179688 4.914062 15.457031 3.949219 C 16.453125 4.429688 17.355469 5.066406 18.144531 5.855469 C 18.648438 6.359375 19.089844 6.910156 19.46875 7.5 Z M 4.355469 5.855469 C 5.144531 5.066406 6.046875 4.429688 7.042969 3.949219 C 6.320312 4.914062 5.714844 6.121094 5.277344 7.5 L 3.03125 7.5 C 3.410156 6.910156 3.851562 6.359375 4.355469 5.855469 Z M 3.03125 18 L 5.277344 18 C 5.714844 19.378906 6.320312 20.585938 7.042969 21.550781 C 6.046875 21.070312 5.144531 20.433594 4.355469 19.644531 C 3.851562 19.140625 3.410156 18.589844 3.03125 18 Z M 18.144531 19.644531 C 17.355469 20.433594 16.453125 21.070312 15.457031 21.550781 C 16.179688 20.585938 16.785156 19.378906 17.222656 18 L 19.46875 18 C 19.089844 18.589844 18.648438 19.140625 18.144531 19.644531 Z M 18.144531 19.644531 " /></svg></span>https://ethiopiantribune.com                                            </a>
                                        </div>
                                                                                                        </div>
                                <div class="be-author-profiles">
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
                    <div class="booster-block booster-reactions-block">
            <div class="twp-reactions-icons">
                
                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-1" post-id="5066" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/happy.svg" alt="Happy">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Happy                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                        
                                                <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-2" post-id="5066" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/sad.svg" alt="Sad">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Sad                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-3" post-id="5066" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/excited.svg" alt="Excited">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Excited                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-6" post-id="5066" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/sleepy.svg" alt="Sleepy">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Sleepy                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                        
                                                <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-4" post-id="5066" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/angry.svg" alt="Angry">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">Angry</div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                        
                    </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-5" post-id="5066" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/surprise.svg" alt="Surprise">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">Surprise</div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

            </div>
        </div>

    ]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%88%9b%e1%8c%a5%e1%88%98%e1%8c%83%e1%8b%8d-%e1%88%95%e1%88%8d%e1%88%99-%e1%8a%90%e1%8b%8d/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">5066</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>የቁጥሩ አገዛዝ</title>
		<link>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%89%81%e1%8c%a5%e1%88%a9-%e1%8a%a0%e1%8c%88%e1%8b%9b%e1%8b%9d/</link>
					<comments>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%89%81%e1%8c%a5%e1%88%a9-%e1%8a%a0%e1%8c%88%e1%8b%9b%e1%8b%9d/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ethiopian Tribune editor]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 30 Aug 2026 10:04:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Opinion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sustainability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ማህበራዊ ጉዳዮች]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ዘገባዎች በአማርኛ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[#EthiopianTribune]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[amharic]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ethiopia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ኢትዮጵያ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ኢትዮጵያን ትሪቢውን]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ethiopiantribune.com/?p=5065</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[የቁጥሩ አገዛዝ — ዘ ኢትዮጵያን ትሪቢዩን ወጥመዱ — የኢትዮጵያ የነጻነት ሕልማችን ምን ሆነ ክፍል ፫...]]></description>
			
			<div class="twp-like-dislike-button twp-like-dislike-thumb">

				
				<span data-id="5065" id="twp-post-like" class="twp-post-like-dislike can-like">
		            <img src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/thumbs-up.svg" />		        </span>

				<span class="twp-like-count">
		            0		        </span>

				
				<span data-id="5065" id="twp-post-dislike" class="twp-post-like-dislike can-dislike ">
		            <img src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/thumbs-down.svg" />		            
		        </span>

				<span class="twp-dislike-count">
		            0		        </span>

			</div>

									<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='booster-block booster-read-block'>
                <div class="twp-read-time">
                	<i class="booster-icon twp-clock"></i> <span>Read Time:</span>5 Minute, 54 Second                </div>

            </div><p><!DOCTYPE html><html lang="am"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><br />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><br />
<title>የቁጥሩ አገዛዝ — ዘ ኢትዮጵያን ትሪቢዩን</title></head><br />
<body style="margin:0;background:#faf8f4;"></p>
<article style="max-width:44em;margin:0 auto;padding:2.4em 1.3em 3.4em;font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;background:#fffdf9;">
<div style="letter-spacing:0.06em;font-size:0.78em;color:#B8860B;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:0.5em;">ወጥመዱ — የኢትዮጵያ የነጻነት ሕልማችን ምን ሆነ</div>
<div style="letter-spacing:0.1em;font-size:0.78em;color:#7A0C0C;margin-bottom:1.1em;">ክፍል ፫ ከ፭</div>
<h1 style="font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;font-size:2.3em;line-height:1.25;color:#7A0C0C;margin:0 0 0.35em;font-weight:700;">የቁጥሩ አገዛዝ</h1>
<p style="font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;font-size:1.2em;color:#B8860B;margin:0 0 1.2em;line-height:1.5;">በምዕራፍ የሚካሄድ ማሻሻያ፣ እና መንግሥት ሊቆጥረው የማይችለው ዜጋ ብቸኝነት</p>
<p style="font-size:0.85em;color:#555;border-top:1px solid #ddd;border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;padding:0.6em 0;margin:0 0 1.8em;">በ<strong>ኢ. ፍራሺ</strong> &nbsp;·&nbsp; ዘ ኢትዮጵያን ትሪቢዩን</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;"><span style="float:left;font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;font-size:3.6em;line-height:0.9;font-weight:700;color:#7A0C0C;padding:0.02em 0.12em 0 0;;">የ</span>ወጥመዱ ሁለተኛ መንጋጋ በሚሊሻ ወይም በመገንጠል ራሱን አያውጅም። የመታወቂያ ገመድ አንግቦ፣ የሒሳብ ሉህ ይዞ፣ ምክንያታዊ የሆነውን የማሻሻያ ቋንቋ እየተናገረ ይመጣል። ሊጨቁንህ አይፈልግም። ሊለካህ ይፈልጋል — በመለካቱም ውስጥ፣ ሊቆጥራቸው የማይችላቸው ያንተ ክፍሎች የሉም ብሎ በጸጥታ ይወስናል።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">ቁጥሩ እንዴት ወደ አገዛዝ እንደመጣ ለማየት ወደ ንድፈ ሐሳብ አቅራቢዎቹ እንመለሳለን። የጨዋታ ንድፈ ሐሳብ ለቀዝቃዛ ጦርነት ተጠራጣሪ ዜጋውን ከሰጠው፣ ያንኑ ጥርጣሬ በራሱ በመንግሥት ላይ ያዞረው የሕዝብ ምርጫ ንድፈ ሐሳብ (public choice theory) ነበር። የምጣኔ ሀብት ተመራማሪዎቹ ጄምስ ቡካናንና ጎርደን ቱሎክ፣ «The Calculus of Consent» (1962) በተሰኘ ሥራ አንድ አውዳሚ ግልበጣ አደረጉ፦ የምጣኔ ሀብት ንድፈ ሐሳቡን ራስ ወዳድ አትራፊ ወስደው ከሲቪል ሠራተኛው ጠረጴዛ ጀርባ አስቀመጡት። በዚህ አተያይ ቢሮክራቱ ራሱን የካደ የሕዝብ ጥቅም ጠባቂ አይደለም፤ እንደ ማንኛውም ምክንያታዊ ተዋናይ በጀቱን፣ መሥሪያ ቤቱን፣ የራሱን ደኅንነት የሚያሳድግ ነው። ፖለቲከኛው አያገለግልም፤ ድምጽ ይገዛል። ከዚህም መጪው ዘመን ማሽን ሁሉ ተከተለ። የሕዝብ አገልጋዮችን ማመን ስለማትችል ማሰር አለብህ — ውሳኔ ሰጪነታቸውን ገፈህ፣ ለማበረታቻ አስገዝተህ፣ ውጤታቸውን ለክተህ፣ መንግሥትንም በተቻለ መጠን ገበያ እንዲመስል ማድረግ። ፍርድ ጠላት ነበር፣ ፍርድ ሊበላሽ ስለሚችል። ቁጥሩ መፍትሔ ነበር፣ ቁጥሩ ሊዋሽ ስለማይችል።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">ሊዋሽ እንደሚችል ግን፣ ዋሸም። ይህ የከርቲስ ሁለተኛ ክፍል «The Lonely Robot» ሸክም ነው፤ ንድፈ ሐሳቡን ወደ እንግሊዝ የሕዝብ አገልግሎቶች መልሶ ግንባታ ተከትሎ ሲበላሽ ይመለከታል። በሕዝብ ምርጫ ንድፈ ሐሳብ የተማረኩ መንግሥታት የሙያ ውሳኔ ሰጪነትን በዒላማዎች ተኩ — የቆይታ ጊዜ፣ የፈተና ማለፊያ ምጣኔ፣ የወንጀል አኃዝ፣ የእስር ኮታ። ሰዎችም፣ ንድፈ ሐሳቡ ከፈቀደው በላይ ብልህ ስለሆኑ፣ ራስ ወዳድ አትራፊዎች የሚያደርጉትን አደረጉ፦ ተጫወቱባቸው። የአራት ሰዓቱ ዒላማ ሰዓት እንዳይጀምር አምቡላንሶች ከሆስፒታሎች ውጭ ባዶ ቆሙ። ሕሙማን ወደ ‹ዋርድ› በተቀየሩ ኮሪደሮች ውስጥ በተጓጓዥ አልጋ ተኙ። አኃዞቹ በአስደናቂ ሁኔታ ሲሻሻሉ፣ ከሥራቸው ያለው እንክብካቤ ግን በሰበሰ። መለኪያው ከተልእኮው ተነጥሎ ተንሳፎ ወጣ፣ አስተዳዳሪዎቹም፣ መለኪያውን አምነው፣ መበስበሱን ማየት አልቻሉም — መሣሪያዎቻቸው በሚገልጹት ዓለም ውስጥ መበስበስ አልነበረምና፣ አረንጓዴ ቁጥሮች እንጂ። ዜጋውን ከሙያተኛው እብሪት ነጻ ለማውጣት የታሰበው ሥርዓት አዲስና ይበልጥ ብቸኛ የሆነ ተገዢነት አመጣ፦ አንድ እንግዳ ስለ አንተ በሚሰበስበው መረጃ መቀነስ፣ ያም መረጃ ስለ ሕይወትህ ካለህ ምስክርነት በላይ መታመን። የከርቲስ ነጥብ መለካት ክፉ ነው የሚል ሳይሆን፣ መለካት አንዴ የአገዛዝ ሁሉ ከሆነ በኋላ ሊያገለግለው የታሰበውን ነገር ባዶ ያደርጋል የሚል ነው — ገዢውንም ተገዢውንም ሁሉ፣ እርስ በርስ ከመተያየት ይልቅ አንድ ሰሌዳ (dashboard) እንዲያፈጡ ይተዋል።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">ያንን ምስል ያዝ — አረንጓዴው ቁጥር ከሚነደው እውነታ በላይ በሰላም ሲንሳፈፍ — ወደ ኢትዮጵያም ዙር፣ ይህን ድራማ በአገር አቀፍ ደረጃ ሠርተነዋልና፣ ሁለት ጊዜም ሠርተነዋል።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">የመጀመሪያው አቀራረብ የልማት መንግሥቱ ነበር። የመለስ ዜናዊ የግብርና መር ኢንዱስትሪያላይዜሽን አስተምህሮና ተከታታዮቹ የዕድገትና ትራንስፎርሜሽን ዕቅዶች ዕቅድ አውጪው ግንባር ቀደም በልበ ሙሉ ሁኔታው ውስጥ ነበሩ፦ የሕዝቡን ዕጣ ፈንታ አውቃለሁ ብሎ የሚያውጅ፣ በአምስት ዓመት ዒላማዎች ውስጥ የሚጽፈው፣ ዓመት በዓመትም ዕቅዱ እየሠራ መሆኑን የሚያረጋግጠውን ባለ ሁለት አኃዝ ዕድገት የሚዘግብ መንግሥት። እነዚያ አኃዞች ወደ አንድ ዓይነት ‹ሃይማኖት› መቀየራቸው — ተነብቦ፣ ተከላክሎ፣ በእውነት እንጀራ የሚገዛ ሰው ሁሉ በጸጥታ ያላመነው — አሁን በዚያ ዘመን አዘኔታ ባላቸው ሰዎች ጭምር በሰፊው ይታመናል። ዕቅድ አውጪው መንግሥት ከዜጎቹ በላይ የራሱን ቁጥሮች አመነ። የመጀመሪያው የኢትዮጵያ የቁጥር አገዛዝ ነበር።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">የድኅረ 2010 ዓ.ም. ሥርዓት ብልሃት፣ ራሱን ከዚያ ከተዋረደ ዕቅድ ማምለጫ አድርጎ ማቅረቡ — በእርሱም ስፍራ ያንኑ አምልኮ በአዲስና ይበልጥ ወቅታዊ በሆነ ደራሲነት መተካቱ ነበር።</p>
<blockquote style="border-top:2px solid #7A0C0C;border-bottom:2px solid #7A0C0C;color:#7A0C0C;font-size:1.3em;line-height:1.7;text-align:center;max-width:34em;margin:1.8em auto;padding:0.7em 0.5em;font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;"><p>የቁጥሩን አገዛዝ በ2010 ዓ.ም. አልተውነውም። ብዕሩን የያዘውን እጅ ብቻ ነው የቀየርነው — ከግንባር ቀደሙ ዕቅድ ወደ ገበያው ምዕራፍ።</p></blockquote>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">በ2012 ዓ.ም. (2019) ይፋ የሆነው ‹ሀገር በቀል የኢኮኖሚ ማሻሻያ አጀንዳ› ከልማት መንግሥቱ የሞተ እጅ ነጻ መውጣትን አወጀ፦ ነጻ ገበያ ማድረግ፣ ወደ ግል ማዞር፣ ‹እውነተኛ› ዋጋውን እንዲያገኝ የተለቀቀ ገንዘብ፣ ለምርጫና ለፉክክር የተከፈተ ኢኮኖሚ። በዚህ ተከታታይ ጽሑፍ ቃላት፣ ከአዎንታዊ ነጻነት ወደ አሉታዊ የተደረገ ዙረት ነበር — ብልጽግናህን ከሚያቅድ መንግሥት ወደ እንድታሳድደው ብቻ ነጻ ወደሚያደርግህ ገበያ። ነገር ግን ዙረቱ በትክክል የተካሄደበትን ማሽን ተመልከት፣ በንጹህ ተቋማዊ መልኩ የሕዝብ ምርጫ ንድፈ ሐሳብ ነው። ማሻሻያው ኢትዮጵያውያን በምን ዓይነት አገር ውስጥ መኖር እንደሚፈልጉ በሕዝባዊ ውይይት አልተካሄደም። በምዕራፍ ተካሄደ፦ ከዓለም አቀፉ የገንዘብ ድርጅት (IMF) ጋር የተስማሙ ተከታታይ ቅድመ እርምጃዎችና መዋቅራዊ መለኪያዎች፣ እያንዳንዱ ቀጣዩን ክፍያ ለመክፈት መመታት ያለበት ቁጥር። በ2016 ዓ.ም. (2024) ክረምት የተደረገው የብር ማንሳፈፍ፣ ኢትዮጵያ 3.4 ቢሊዮን የአሜሪካ ዶላር ገደማ ተብሎ የተዘገበ አዲስ የ IMF ፕሮግራም ስታረጋግጥ የተከናወነው፤ የባንክ ዘርፉ ለውጭ ገቢዎች መከፈት፤ የመንግሥት የቴሌኮም ሞኖፖሊ በከፊል መሸጥና በውጭ የሚመራ ተፎካካሪ መምጣት፤ እና በ2017 ዓ.ም. (2025) መጀመሪያ፣ አብዛኛው ሕዝብ አክሲዮን ይዞ በማያውቅበት አገር ውስጥ የሴኩሪቲስ ገበያ መከፈት — እነዚህ ለእኛም ለዓለምም እንደ ተመቱ ምዕራፎች ተነገሩን። አረንጓዴዎቹ ቁጥሮች በጊዜ ሰሌዳው መሠረት አረንጓዴ ሆኑ።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">ከሥራቸውም፣ በብዙ ዘገባዎች መሠረት፣ እውነታው ንድፈ ሐሳቡ እንደሚተነብየው ነደደ። ገለልተኛ ክትትልና የ IMF ራሱ ግምገማዎች በማንሳፈፉ ዙሪያ ባሉት ዓመታት የዋጋ ግሽበት ለረጅም ጊዜያት ከሠላሳ በመቶ አካባቢ ወይም በላይ ሲሮጥ መዝግበዋል፣ ኃይለኛው የገንዘብ ዋጋ ቅናሽም ወደ ገቢ ንብረቶች ዋጋ — የምግብ ዘይት፣ ነዳጅ፣ መድኃኒት — እየተላለፈ፣ ውጫዊውን መለኪያ እያረካ ሳለ። ገበያው ያገኘው ‹እውነተኛ› ዋጋ ለሒሳብ ሉሁ እውነት ሆነ፣ ለቤተሰቡ ግን ቅጣት ነበር። ማሻሻያው በስኬት መዝገብ ውስጥ ይዘገባል — ዒላማዎች ተመቱ፣ ክፍያዎች ተለቀቁ፣ መተማመን ተመለሰ — በደብዳቤ ሊገባ የማይችለው የኑሮ ኢኮኖሚው ግን፣ መሣሪያዎቹ በመዋቅራቸው ሊመዘግቡት ወደማይችሉት የዕለት ትግል ይኮማተራል። ይህ የከርቲስ ሮቦት ብቸኝነት፣ በብር የተመነዘረ ነው፦ እውነተኛ ረሃቡ፣ ከአፍህ በላይ መለኪያዎቹን ለማመን ለተስማማ መንግሥት የማይታይ የሆነ ሰው መሆን።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">የመጨረሻ የመቀርቀሪያ ጥምዘዛ አለ፣ እርሱም እጅግ ሊያሳስበን የሚገባው ነው፣ ቁጠራው ቃል በቃል የሚሆንበት ነውና። ተጠራጣሪው፣ ለካኪው መንግሥት ዜጋውን በምሳሌያዊ አነጋገር ወደ መረጃ ብቻ አይቀንስም፤ በተግባር ለማድረግ ማሽኑን እየገነባ ነው። የ‹ፋይዳ› ዲጂታል መታወቂያ ፕሮግራም እያንዳንዱን ኢትዮጵያዊ ልዩ፣ ባዮሜትሪክ፣ በማሽን ሊነበብ የሚችል ግቤት ለማድረግ ያቀርባል — ተመዝግቦ፣ ድግግሞሹ ተለይቶ፣ ተረጋግጦ፣ በመጨረሻም መንግሥት ሊያምነው ወደሚችል ቁጥር የተፈታ ማንነት፣ ምክንያቱም ከተያያዘው ሰው በተለየ ቁጥሩ ሊያስመስል አይችልምና። ያው አመክንዮ በተገላቢጦሽ በኔትወርክ መዘጋቶች ውስጥ ይሠራል፣ እነ አክሰስ ናውና ኔትብሎክስ (Access Now, NetBlocks) የመሳሰሉ የዲጂታል መብት ተቆጣጣሪዎች በተደጋጋሚ በተለያዩ ሁከት ባለባቸው ክልሎች እንደመዘገቡት፦ በመቀነስ ማስተዳደር፣ ሙሉ ሕዝቦችን ከመረጃ ምኅዳር ማስወገድ፣ ጸጥ እስኪሉ ድረስ ከቁጥር ማውጣት። መንግሥት ሊያይህ ሲፈልግ መቆጠር፣ ሳይፈልግ መሰረዝ — ይህ ዜጋው እንደ መረጃ ነጥብ ነው። ሰውዬው መዝገብ ይሆናል፣ መዝገቡ ሰውዬው ይሆናል፣ ሳጥኖቹን የሚተርፉት ክፍሎች — ሕይወት በእውነት የተሠራባቸው ክፍሎች — ለመንግሥት ዓላማ፣ በቀላሉ የሉም።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">እንደገና ይህ ተከታታይ ጽሑፍ ለራሱ የሚገባው ተግሣጽ። ይህ ሁሉ ከመጣንበት የልማት መንግሥት ላይ ፍቅር አይደፍስም፣ ዘመናዊ ኢኮኖሚ ያለ መለካት ሊካሄድ ይችላል ብሎም አያስመስልም፣ የመታወቂያ ሥርዓቶችና የአክሲዮን ገበያዎች በተፈጥሯቸው የአምባገነንነት መሣሪያዎች ናቸው ብሎም አይልም — አይደሉምና፣ ቁም ነገረኛ የተጠያቂነት ጋዜጠኝነትም ይህን በግልጽ ማለት አለበት። ቁጥሮች ጠላት አይደሉም። ጠላቱ መተካቱ ነው — ቁጥሩ እውነታውን የሚገልጽ አገልጋይ መሆኑ ቀርቶ የሚተካው ሉዓላዊ የሚሆንበት ቅጽበት፤ መንግሥት ከገበያው በላይ ምዕራፉን፣ ከዜጋው በላይ ባዮሜትሪኩን የሚያምንበት ቅጽበት። በዚህ ሙግት መጨረሻ የምናገኘው የምጣኔ ሀብት ተመራማሪ አማርትያ ሴን (Amartya Sen)፣ ልማት ትርጉም የሚኖረው እንደ እውነተኛ የሰው ነጻነት መስፋፋት ብቻ ነው — ሰዎች በእውነት ማድረግና መሆን የሚችሉት ነገር መስፋፋት — ይህም ምዕራፉ ሊይዘው የማይችለውና ለመያዝም ተነድፎ የማያውቅ መለኪያ ነው ሲል ዘመኑን ሙሉ አጥብቆ ተከራክሯል። ያንን ሐሳብ ያዝ። በግድግዳው ላይ የመጀመሪያው የቀን ብርሃን ስንጥቅ ነው።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">ለአሁኑ ሁለተኛው መንጋጋ እንደተዘጋ ያዝ። የመጀመሪያው እያንዳንዱ ሕዝብ በሌሎቹ ላይ እንዲታጠቅ አስተማረ። ሁለተኛው መንግሥት ከሕዝቡ በላይ መሣሪያዎቹን እንዲያምን አስተማረ። የቀረው እጅግ አደገኛው እንቅስቃሴ ነው — ሕልሙ ራሱ፣ ውቡ የብልጽግናና የታላቅነት ሕልም፣ የቡልዶዘሩ ማጽደቂያ የሚሆንበት። ቤትህን፣ ታሪክህን የሚያፈርሱበትና፣ ከልብ ሆነው፣ ነጻ እያወጡህ ነው የሚሉህበት።</p>
<h2 style="color:#B8860B;font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;font-size:1.15em;letter-spacing:0.04em;margin:2.2em 0 0.7em;border-bottom:1px solid #B8860B;padding-bottom:0.3em;">ምንጮች</h2>
<p style="margin:0 0 0.7em;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.7;color:#333;"><strong style="color:#7A0C0C;">ንድፈ ሐሳቡ።</strong> ጄምስ ቡካናንና ጎርደን ቱሎክ፣ «The Calculus of Consent» (1962)፤ አዳም ከርቲስ፣ «ዘ ትራፕ»፣ ክፍል 2፣ «The Lonely Robot» (BBC, 2007)።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 0.7em;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.7;color:#333;"><strong style="color:#7A0C0C;">የኢትዮጵያ መዝገብ።</strong> ‹ሀገር በቀል የኢኮኖሚ ማሻሻያ አጀንዳ› (የኢትዮጵያ መንግሥት፣ 2012 ዓ.ም./2019)፤ የብር ማንሳፈፍና ተያያዥ የ IMF የተራዘመ የብድር አገልግሎት (2016 ዓ.ም./2024፣ የፕሮግራሙ ግምት 3.4 ቢሊዮን ዶላር ገደማ ተብሎ ተዘግቧል)፤ የባንክ ዘርፍ ነጻ ማድረግና የቴሌኮም መግቢያ፤ የኢትዮጵያ ሴኩሪቲስ ገበያ (2017 ዓ.ም./2025)፤ የ‹ፋይዳ›/ብሔራዊ መታወቂያ ፕሮግራም። የዋጋ ግሽበት አኃዞች በ IMF የአገር ግምገማዎችና በገለልተኛ ክትትል መሠረት። የኔትወርክ መዘጋት ዘገባ በአክሰስ ናው #KeepItOn ጥምረትና በኔትብሎክስ መሠረት። የተለዩ አኃዞችና ቀኖች በዝግጅት ወቅት ወደ ተሰየሙ ምንጮች ይቆለፋሉ።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 0.7em;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.7;color:#333;"><strong style="color:#7A0C0C;">የተጠቀሰው መለኪያ።</strong> አማርትያ ሴን፣ «Development as Freedom» (1999)።</p>
<p style="margin-top:2.4em;padding-top:1em;border-top:1px solid #B8860B;font-size:0.82em;color:#888;text-align:center;">ወጥመዱ · ክፍል ፫ ከ፭ · ዘ ኢትዮጵያን ትሪቢዩን</p>
</article>
<p></body></html></p>


		<div class=" twp-social-share  booster-clear">

						    <header class="twp-plugin-title twp-share-title">
			        <h2>Share</h2>
			    </header>
			
		    <div class="twp-share-container">
				<div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-facebook">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%89%81%e1%8c%a5%e1%88%a9-%e1%8a%a0%e1%8c%88%e1%8b%9b%e1%8b%9d/'); "  href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%89%81%e1%8c%a5%e1%88%a9-%e1%8a%a0%e1%8c%88%e1%8b%9b%e1%8b%9d/" >
			                                <span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>												<span class="twp-share-media">

													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M22.675 0h-21.35c-.732 0-1.325.593-1.325 1.325v21.351c0 .731.593 1.324 1.325 1.324h11.495v-9.294h-3.128v-3.622h3.128v-2.671c0-3.1 1.893-4.788 4.659-4.788 1.325 0 2.463.099 2.795.143v3.24l-1.918.001c-1.504 0-1.795.715-1.795 1.763v2.313h3.587l-.467 3.622h-3.12v9.293h6.116c.73 0 1.323-.593 1.323-1.325v-21.35c0-.732-.593-1.325-1.325-1.325z" /></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Facebook				                                        </span>
				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-twitter">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=የቁጥሩ%20አገዛዝ&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%89%81%e1%8c%a5%e1%88%a9-%e1%8a%a0%e1%8c%88%e1%8b%9b%e1%8b%9d/'); "  href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=የቁጥሩ%20አገዛዝ&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%89%81%e1%8c%a5%e1%88%a9-%e1%8a%a0%e1%8c%88%e1%8b%9b%e1%8b%9d/" >
			                                <span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>												<span class="twp-share-media">
													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z"></path></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Twitter				                                        </span>
												    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-pinterest">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow" href="javascript:twp_be_pinterest()">
											<span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>				                                <span class="twp-share-media">
													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M12.289,2C6.617,2,3.606,5.648,3.606,9.622c0,1.846,1.025,4.146,2.666,4.878c0.25,0.111,0.381,0.063,0.439-0.169 c0.044-0.175,0.267-1.029,0.365-1.428c0.032-0.128,0.017-0.237-0.091-0.362C6.445,11.911,6.01,10.75,6.01,9.668 c0-2.777,2.194-5.464,5.933-5.464c3.23,0,5.49,2.108,5.49,5.122c0,3.407-1.794,5.768-4.13,5.768c-1.291,0-2.257-1.021-1.948-2.277 c0.372-1.495,1.089-3.112,1.089-4.191c0-0.967-0.542-1.775-1.663-1.775c-1.319,0-2.379,1.309-2.379,3.059 c0,1.115,0.394,1.869,0.394,1.869s-1.302,5.279-1.54,6.261c-0.405,1.666,0.053,4.368,0.094,4.604 c0.021,0.126,0.167,0.169,0.25,0.063c0.129-0.165,1.699-2.419,2.142-4.051c0.158-0.59,0.817-2.995,0.817-2.995 c0.43,0.784,1.681,1.446,3.013,1.446c3.963,0,6.822-3.494,6.822-7.833C20.394,5.112,16.849,2,12.289,2"></path></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Pinterest				                                        </span>
				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-linkedin">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;title=የቁጥሩ%20አገዛዝ&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%89%81%e1%8c%a5%e1%88%a9-%e1%8a%a0%e1%8c%88%e1%8b%9b%e1%8b%9d/'); "  href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;title=የቁጥሩ%20አገዛዝ&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%89%81%e1%8c%a5%e1%88%a9-%e1%8a%a0%e1%8c%88%e1%8b%9b%e1%8b%9d/" >
																							<span class="twp-share-media">
				                                    <span class="share-media-nocount">
													    <svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19.7,3H4.3C3.582,3,3,3.582,3,4.3v15.4C3,20.418,3.582,21,4.3,21h15.4c0.718,0,1.3-0.582,1.3-1.3V4.3 C21,3.582,20.418,3,19.7,3z M8.339,18.338H5.667v-8.59h2.672V18.338z M7.004,8.574c-0.857,0-1.549-0.694-1.549-1.548 c0-0.855,0.691-1.548,1.549-1.548c0.854,0,1.547,0.694,1.547,1.548C8.551,7.881,7.858,8.574,7.004,8.574z M18.339,18.338h-2.669 v-4.177c0-0.996-0.017-2.278-1.387-2.278c-1.389,0-1.601,1.086-1.601,2.206v4.249h-2.667v-8.59h2.559v1.174h0.037 c0.356-0.675,1.227-1.387,2.526-1.387c2.703,0,3.203,1.779,3.203,4.092V18.338z"></path></svg>				                                    </span>
													<span class="twp-share-label twp-label-title">
				                                        LinkedIn				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
										</div>			</div>
		</div>

	            
            <div class="booster-block booster-author-block">
                <div class="be-author-details layout-square align-left">
                    <div class="be-author-wrapper">
                        <div class="booster-row">
                            <div class="booster-column booster-column-two booster-column-mobile">
                                <div class="be-author-image">
                                    <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a73c21d089723d10d1cbbbb9a3701985f832ae3401b74502eccdb093baa89da9?s=400&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a73c21d089723d10d1cbbbb9a3701985f832ae3401b74502eccdb093baa89da9?s=800&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-400 photo avatar-img" height="400" width="400" />                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="booster-column booster-column-eight booster-column-mobile">
                                <div class="author-details">
                                                                            <header class="twp-plugin-title twp-author-title">
                                            <h2>About Post Author</h2>
                                        </header>
                                                                        <h4 class="be-author-meta be-author-name">
                                        <a href="https://ethiopiantribune.com/author/admin/" class="booster-url-link">
                                            Ethiopian Tribune editor                                        </a>
                                    </h4>
                                                                                                                <div class="be-author-meta be-author-email">
                                            <a href="mailto: editor@ethiopiantribune.com" class="booster-url-link">
                                                <span class="booster-svg-icon booster-svg-envelope"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 3v18h24v-18h-24zm6.623 7.929l-4.623 5.712v-9.458l4.623 3.746zm-4.141-5.929h19.035l-9.517 7.713-9.518-7.713zm5.694 7.188l3.824 3.099 3.83-3.104 5.612 6.817h-18.779l5.513-6.812zm9.208-1.264l4.616-3.741v9.348l-4.616-5.607z" /></svg></span>editor@ethiopiantribune.com                                            </a>
                                        </div>
                                                                                                                <div class="be-author-meta be-author-url">
                                            <a href="https://ethiopiantribune.com" target="_blank" class="booster-url-link">
                                                <span class="booster-svg-icon booster-svg-sphere"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 11.25 1.5 C 5.035156 1.5 0 6.535156 0 12.75 C 0 18.964844 5.035156 24 11.25 24 C 17.464844 24 22.5 18.964844 22.5 12.75 C 22.5 6.535156 17.464844 1.5 11.25 1.5 Z M 17.617188 16.5 C 17.816406 15.550781 17.941406 14.546875 17.984375 13.5 L 20.972656 13.5 C 20.894531 14.535156 20.652344 15.542969 20.253906 16.5 Z M 4.882812 9 C 4.683594 9.949219 4.558594 10.953125 4.515625 12 L 1.527344 12 C 1.605469 10.964844 1.847656 9.957031 2.246094 9 Z M 16.078125 9 C 16.304688 9.960938 16.441406 10.964844 16.484375 12 L 12 12 L 12 9 Z M 12 7.5 L 12 3.109375 C 12.34375 3.210938 12.679688 3.375 13.011719 3.609375 C 13.636719 4.050781 14.230469 4.726562 14.738281 5.566406 C 15.085938 6.148438 15.386719 6.796875 15.640625 7.5 Z M 7.761719 5.566406 C 8.269531 4.726562 8.863281 4.050781 9.488281 3.609375 C 9.820312 3.375 10.15625 3.207031 10.5 3.109375 L 10.5 7.5 L 6.859375 7.5 C 7.113281 6.792969 7.414062 6.148438 7.761719 5.566406 Z M 10.5 9 L 10.5 12 L 6.015625 12 C 6.058594 10.964844 6.195312 9.960938 6.421875 9 Z M 2.246094 16.5 C 1.847656 15.542969 1.605469 14.535156 1.527344 13.5 L 4.515625 13.5 C 4.558594 14.546875 4.683594 15.550781 4.882812 16.5 Z M 6.015625 13.5 L 10.5 13.5 L 10.5 16.5 L 6.421875 16.5 C 6.195312 15.539062 6.058594 14.535156 6.015625 13.5 Z M 10.5 18 L 10.5 22.390625 C 10.15625 22.289062 9.820312 22.125 9.488281 21.890625 C 8.863281 21.449219 8.269531 20.773438 7.761719 19.933594 C 7.414062 19.351562 7.113281 18.703125 6.859375 18 Z M 14.738281 19.933594 C 14.230469 20.773438 13.636719 21.449219 13.011719 21.890625 C 12.679688 22.125 12.34375 22.292969 12 22.390625 L 12 18 L 15.640625 18 C 15.386719 18.707031 15.085938 19.351562 14.738281 19.933594 Z M 12 16.5 L 12 13.5 L 16.484375 13.5 C 16.441406 14.535156 16.304688 15.539062 16.078125 16.5 Z M 17.984375 12 C 17.945312 10.953125 17.816406 9.949219 17.617188 9 L 20.253906 9 C 20.652344 9.957031 20.894531 10.964844 20.972656 12 Z M 19.46875 7.5 L 17.222656 7.5 C 16.785156 6.121094 16.179688 4.914062 15.457031 3.949219 C 16.453125 4.429688 17.355469 5.066406 18.144531 5.855469 C 18.648438 6.359375 19.089844 6.910156 19.46875 7.5 Z M 4.355469 5.855469 C 5.144531 5.066406 6.046875 4.429688 7.042969 3.949219 C 6.320312 4.914062 5.714844 6.121094 5.277344 7.5 L 3.03125 7.5 C 3.410156 6.910156 3.851562 6.359375 4.355469 5.855469 Z M 3.03125 18 L 5.277344 18 C 5.714844 19.378906 6.320312 20.585938 7.042969 21.550781 C 6.046875 21.070312 5.144531 20.433594 4.355469 19.644531 C 3.851562 19.140625 3.410156 18.589844 3.03125 18 Z M 18.144531 19.644531 C 17.355469 20.433594 16.453125 21.070312 15.457031 21.550781 C 16.179688 20.585938 16.785156 19.378906 17.222656 18 L 19.46875 18 C 19.089844 18.589844 18.648438 19.140625 18.144531 19.644531 Z M 18.144531 19.644531 " /></svg></span>https://ethiopiantribune.com                                            </a>
                                        </div>
                                                                                                        </div>
                                <div class="be-author-profiles">
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
                    <div class="booster-block booster-reactions-block">
            <div class="twp-reactions-icons">
                
                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-1" post-id="5065" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/happy.svg" alt="Happy">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Happy                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                        
                                                <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-2" post-id="5065" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/sad.svg" alt="Sad">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Sad                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-3" post-id="5065" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/excited.svg" alt="Excited">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Excited                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-6" post-id="5065" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/sleepy.svg" alt="Sleepy">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Sleepy                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                        
                                                <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-4" post-id="5065" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/angry.svg" alt="Angry">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">Angry</div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                        
                    </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-5" post-id="5065" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/surprise.svg" alt="Surprise">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">Surprise</div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

            </div>
        </div>

    ]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%89%81%e1%8c%a5%e1%88%a9-%e1%8a%a0%e1%8c%88%e1%8b%9b%e1%8b%9d/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">5065</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Narrow Door</title>
		<link>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-narrow-door/</link>
					<comments>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-narrow-door/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ethiopian Tribune editor]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 30 Aug 2026 06:27:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[African News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Opinion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sustainability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ማህበራዊ ጉዳዮች]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[#EthiopianTribune]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ethionews]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ethiopia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ethiopian News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ኢትዮጵያ]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ethiopiantribune.com/?p=5050</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The Narrow Door — The Ethiopian Tribune THE TRAP — WHAT HAPPENED TO OUR ETHIOPIAN...]]></description>
			
			<div class="twp-like-dislike-button twp-like-dislike-thumb">

				
				<span data-id="5050" id="twp-post-like" class="twp-post-like-dislike can-like">
		            <img src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/thumbs-up.svg" />		        </span>

				<span class="twp-like-count">
		            0		        </span>

				
				<span data-id="5050" id="twp-post-dislike" class="twp-post-like-dislike can-dislike ">
		            <img src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/thumbs-down.svg" />		            
		        </span>

				<span class="twp-dislike-count">
		            0		        </span>

			</div>

									<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='booster-block booster-read-block'>
                <div class="twp-read-time">
                	<i class="booster-icon twp-clock"></i> <span>Read Time:</span>10 Minute, 28 Second                </div>

            </div><p><meta charset="utf-8"><br />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"></p>
<p><title>The Narrow Door — The Ethiopian Tribune</title></p>
<article style="max-width: 44em; margin: 0 auto; padding: 2.4em 1.3em 3.4em; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif; background: #fffdf9">
<div style="text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.18em; font-size: 0.72em; color: #B8860B; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 0.5em">THE TRAP — WHAT HAPPENED TO OUR ETHIOPIAN DREAM OF FREEDOM</div>
<div style="text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.22em; font-size: 0.7em; color: #7A0C0C; margin-bottom: 1.1em">PART V OF V</div>
<h1 style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif; font-size: 2.5em; line-height: 1.1; color: #7A0C0C; margin: 0 0 0.35em; font-weight: 700">The Narrow Door</h1>
<p style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif; font-style: italic; font-size: 1.2em; color: #B8860B; margin: 0 0 1.2em; line-height: 1.35">Amartya Sen, Be’alu Girma, and the way out of the trap</p>
<p style="font-size: 0.82em; letter-spacing: 0.05em; color: #555; border-top: 1px solid #ddd; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 0.6em 0; margin: 0 0 1.8em">By <strong>E. Frashie</strong> &nbsp;·&nbsp; The Ethiopian Tribune</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A"><span style="float: left; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif; font-size: 4.4em; line-height: 0.82; font-weight: 700; color: #7A0C0C; padding: 0.02em 0.10em 0 0">C</span>urtis leaves us in the dark. That is his signature and his limitation. Having shown us the trap with such brilliance, he stands at the closed door of the final reel and offers, in place of an exit, only the suggestion that we have forgotten there was ever another way to be free. It is honest, in its fashion; it refuses the cheap redemptive ending. But it is also, I want to argue, the point at which we must part company with him — because to accept that there is no way out is itself to fall into the deepest trap of all, the one his own method sets.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">For Curtis’s method has a secret, and it is the same as his subjects’ secret. He too reaches for a single hidden mechanism that explains everything. He too imposes one tidy model — the suspicious actor, the closing trap — upon the vast and contradictory mess of human life, and makes it account for the welfare state and the family and the war and the self. His films are seductive for precisely the reason the theories he indicts were seductive: they promise that beneath the confusion there is one machine, one key, one story that makes it all cohere. This is the trap of the total explanation, and this series has been in danger of it on every page. Each time the prisoner’s dilemma seemed to <em>explain</em> the militias, each time positive liberty seemed to <em>explain</em> the bulldozer, we were one comfortable step from the theodicy — from the elegant proof that the blood was nobody’s fault, merely the structure working itself out. I have flagged that danger at every turn not as decoration but as discipline, because a lens that explains everything has quietly stopped being a lens and become a faith. The trap is real. It is also not the whole truth, and the moment we forget the difference we are inside it.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">Hold that caution, and the search for an exit can begin — not in Britain, but with a man Curtis never names, who spent his life measuring freedom in a different currency altogether.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">Amartya Sen — Bengali economist, Nobel laureate of 1998 — began from a memory Ethiopia knows in its bones: famine. As a boy he watched the Bengal famine of 1943 kill millions, and he spent his career proving, in <em>Poverty and Famines</em> (1981), that such catastrophes are almost never caused by a simple absence of food. They are caused by an absence of <em>entitlement</em> — by people losing the capacity to command food that in fact exists — and, most tellingly of all, they do not occur in functioning democracies with a free press. A free press makes hunger visible; visibility makes it politically fatal; and so no government that can be seen and voted out has ever presided over a great famine. The unfree state, by contrast, can starve its people in the dark. An Ethiopian does not need this argument explained. Our modern history is punctuated by famines that helped topple an emperor and outlived a dictatorship, concealed each time by a state that ruled the number and silenced the mouth. Sen’s thesis is the indictment of Part III written a decade in advance: the rule of the metric over the reality is not a technical error but, at the limit, a mechanism of death — and its only proven antidote is precisely the thing a publication such as this one exists to practise.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">But Sen’s deeper gift is the concept the whole film lacked. In <em>Development as Freedom</em> (1999) he refused Berlin’s fatal binary. Freedom, for Sen, is neither the mere absence of interference nor the imposition of some authority’s vision of your higher self. It is <em>capability</em> — the real, plural, actual range of things a person is able to do and to be: to be nourished, to be literate, to move, to speak, to take part in the life of the community, to choose among lives she has reason to value. This is a positive account of freedom; it is about capacity, not merely non-interference. And yet it carries none of positive liberty’s poison, for one decisive reason. It names no single destination. It does not tell you who your true self is and then force you towards it. It multiplies your capacities and leaves the choosing to you. It is freedom-<em>to</em>, without a vanguard: the dream of human flourishing, disarmed of its bulldozer.</p>
<blockquote style="border-top: 2px solid #7A0C0C; border-bottom: 2px solid #7A0C0C; color: #7A0C0C; font-style: italic; font-size: 1.28em; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center; max-width: 36em; margin: 1.8em auto; padding: 0.7em 0.5em; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif"><p>The measure of a nation’s freedom is not the boulevard it builds but the lives its people are actually able to lead. A corridor no widow can afford to live beside is not development. It is a monument to her exclusion.</p>
</blockquote>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">Here, then, is the narrow door out of the trap, and it is worth stating plainly, because it reframes everything the Prosperity Party claims. If freedom is capability, then the float that empties the household is not a milestone of liberation but a subtraction of it; the demolition that displaces the poor is not a step towards prosperity but a destruction of the very capabilities — home, livelihood, neighbourhood, the fabric of a life — in which the only prosperity that matters actually consists. Sen lets us say something the milestone-language is structurally incapable of saying: that a development which reduces what people are able to do and be is not development at all, however green its numbers. The dream is not wrong to want flourishing for Ethiopia. It is wrong about what flourishing <em>is</em> — and it mistakes the monument for the life.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">And yet I will not end on the Indian economist, because the deepest answer to this series’ own question — is this merely an imported diagnosis? — lies not in Delhi or Oxford but in Addis, and it was written in blood more than forty years ago. Be’alu Girma was among the finest novelists Ethiopia has produced, and for a time a senior figure inside the Derg’s own Ministry of Information — a maker of the regime’s dreams. In 1983 he published <em>Oromay</em>, a novel set amid the Red Star Campaign, the great offensive that was to deliver socialist liberation and national unity in the north. And Be’alu, who had stood inside the machine, told the truth about it: that beneath the intoxicating dream of liberation lay cynicism, corruption, futility and death; that the beautiful words concealed a mechanism of control; that the campaign of freedom was a lie the powerful told the people and, worse, told themselves. The title itself — <span style="font-family: 'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic',sans-serif">ኦሮማይ</span>, <em>Oromay</em>, “the end,” “finality,” “no more” — was a verdict on the dream.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">For writing it, Be’alu Girma disappeared in early 1984, taken by the state he had served; his body was never recovered and his novel was banned. He is the answer to every accusation that this frame is foreign. Ethiopia did not import the critique of the dream of freedom. Ethiopia’s finest storyteller <em>died</em> of it, decades before a British filmmaker gave the idea a montage and a name. The trap is not a European notion we are trying on for size. It is a machine we have run before; one of us named it, and it killed him for the naming.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">And lest this seem a wound sealed safely in the past, consider how recently the same machine has run. Gedu Andargachew helped to build the post-2018 order from its highest chambers: chief administrator of the Amhara region, then minister of foreign affairs, then national security adviser to the prime minister himself — an architect of the new dispensation, not a bystander to it. And when he broke with it, publicly and in unmistakable terms, accusing the government of betrayal, of authoritarian rule, and of answering the country’s crises with force rather than with politics, he was — by opposition-linked accounts the Tribune cannot independently confirm — placed under house arrest in his own home in the capital, watched and cut off from visitors. Four decades separate him from Be’alu Girma, and the particulars differ; the one was disappeared, the other reportedly silenced behind his own walls. But the grammar is identical: the insider who saw the machinery from within, said so aloud, and was removed from the conversation by the state he had served. This is not ancient history. It is the same door, closing again.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">That is the tradition this series stands in, and it forbids both despair and comfort. It forbids despair, because Be’alu Girma wrote his sentence knowing what it might cost, which means the sentence was worth writing — the free word is not nothing; it is the one thing the trap cannot fully absorb, the reason Sen’s free press is the antidote to famine and not merely its witness. And it forbids comfort, because he was killed all the same, and the dream ground on regardless, and to pretend that truth-telling is a guaranteed deliverance would dishonour him. There is no guaranteed deliverance. There is only the narrow door, and the daily, unglamorous, dangerous labour of keeping it open.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">So we return, at the last, to the spring of 2018, and the doors that swung wide, and the freedom that was real. It was real. That was never the illusion. The illusion was that freedom, once handed to us, would keep itself — that we could receive it as a gift from above and not have to make it, again and again, from below. We know now what was folded inside the gift: the suspicious constitution, the ruling number, the coercive dream. But the knowing is itself the beginning of the refusal. A people that can <em>see</em> the trap is no longer wholly caught in it. It can choose, in Sen’s terms rather than the vanguard’s, to measure its freedom by what its poorest citizen is actually able to do and be. It can refuse the model of itself as a nation of rational defectors and perform, against the structure’s every incentive, the irrational and founding act of trusting first. It can insist that the corridor is not the country, and the milestone is not the meal, and the palace on the mountain is not the nation.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">None of this is inevitable, and none of it is safe. The door is narrow, and it does not stay open by itself. But it is a door, and Curtis was wrong to imply there is only wall. Be’alu Girma found it. Sen described it. And every citizen who says the true sentence aloud — <em>this is not freedom; this is its counterfeit</em> — is, in that moment, standing in the doorway, holding it open with their body, for whoever comes next. <span style="font-family: 'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic',sans-serif">ኦሮማይ</span>, the dream said. The end. No more. We are not obliged to agree.</p>
<h2 style="color: #B8860B; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif; font-size: 1.15em; letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase; margin: 2.2em 0 0.7em; border-bottom: 1px solid #B8860B; padding-bottom: 0.3em">Sources</h2>
<p style="margin: 0 0 0.7em; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.55; color: #333"><strong style="color: #7A0C0C">Turning the lens.</strong> On the totalising tendency of single-cause explanation — a caution the series applies to Adam Curtis’s own method as much as to his subjects.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 0.7em; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.55; color: #333"><strong style="color: #7A0C0C">The way out.</strong> Amartya Sen, <em>Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation</em> (1981) and <em>Development as Freedom</em> (1999); Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, 1998. The link between famine and the absence of a free press is Sen’s argument and is presented as such.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 0.7em; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.55; color: #333"><strong style="color: #7A0C0C">The Ethiopian witness.</strong> Be’alu Girma, <em>Oromay</em> (1983); his role at the Ministry of Information, the Red Star Campaign context, and his disappearance in early 1984 are drawn from the public record of his life and death. The gloss of <em>Oromay</em> follows common usage; the novel remains a landmark of modern Amharic literature.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 0.7em; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.55; color: #333"><strong style="color: #7A0C0C">A contemporary witness.</strong> Gedu Andargachew served as chief administrator of the Amhara region (2013–2019), minister of foreign affairs (2019–2020) and national security adviser to the prime minister (2020–2022); his public criticism of the Abiy Ahmed government (2024) is on the record. Reports that he was subsequently placed under house arrest originate with opposition-linked outlets citing anonymous sources and are presented here as reported, not independently confirmed by the Tribune. Note: a separate viral image purporting to show him working as a parking attendant has been assessed as AI-generated and false by the fact-checking services HaqCheck and MultiFactCheck (October–December 2025), and is deliberately not used in this series.</p>
<p style="margin-top: 2.4em; padding-top: 1em; border-top: 1px solid #B8860B; font-size: 0.8em; color: #888; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.05em">THE TRAP · PART V OF V · THE ETHIOPIAN TRIBUNE</p>
</article>


		<div class=" twp-social-share  booster-clear">

						    <header class="twp-plugin-title twp-share-title">
			        <h2>Share</h2>
			    </header>
			
		    <div class="twp-share-container">
				<div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-facebook">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-narrow-door/'); "  href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-narrow-door/" >
			                                <span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>												<span class="twp-share-media">

													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M22.675 0h-21.35c-.732 0-1.325.593-1.325 1.325v21.351c0 .731.593 1.324 1.325 1.324h11.495v-9.294h-3.128v-3.622h3.128v-2.671c0-3.1 1.893-4.788 4.659-4.788 1.325 0 2.463.099 2.795.143v3.24l-1.918.001c-1.504 0-1.795.715-1.795 1.763v2.313h3.587l-.467 3.622h-3.12v9.293h6.116c.73 0 1.323-.593 1.323-1.325v-21.35c0-.732-.593-1.325-1.325-1.325z" /></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Facebook				                                        </span>
				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-twitter">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=The%20Narrow%20Door&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-narrow-door/'); "  href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=The%20Narrow%20Door&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-narrow-door/" >
			                                <span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>												<span class="twp-share-media">
													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z"></path></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Twitter				                                        </span>
												    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-pinterest">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow" href="javascript:twp_be_pinterest()">
											<span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>				                                <span class="twp-share-media">
													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M12.289,2C6.617,2,3.606,5.648,3.606,9.622c0,1.846,1.025,4.146,2.666,4.878c0.25,0.111,0.381,0.063,0.439-0.169 c0.044-0.175,0.267-1.029,0.365-1.428c0.032-0.128,0.017-0.237-0.091-0.362C6.445,11.911,6.01,10.75,6.01,9.668 c0-2.777,2.194-5.464,5.933-5.464c3.23,0,5.49,2.108,5.49,5.122c0,3.407-1.794,5.768-4.13,5.768c-1.291,0-2.257-1.021-1.948-2.277 c0.372-1.495,1.089-3.112,1.089-4.191c0-0.967-0.542-1.775-1.663-1.775c-1.319,0-2.379,1.309-2.379,3.059 c0,1.115,0.394,1.869,0.394,1.869s-1.302,5.279-1.54,6.261c-0.405,1.666,0.053,4.368,0.094,4.604 c0.021,0.126,0.167,0.169,0.25,0.063c0.129-0.165,1.699-2.419,2.142-4.051c0.158-0.59,0.817-2.995,0.817-2.995 c0.43,0.784,1.681,1.446,3.013,1.446c3.963,0,6.822-3.494,6.822-7.833C20.394,5.112,16.849,2,12.289,2"></path></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Pinterest				                                        </span>
				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-linkedin">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;title=The%20Narrow%20Door&#038;url=http://opensharecount.com/count.json?url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-narrow-door/'); "  href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;title=The%20Narrow%20Door&#038;url=http://opensharecount.com/count.json?url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-narrow-door/" >
																							<span class="twp-share-media">
				                                    <span class="share-media-nocount">
													    <svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19.7,3H4.3C3.582,3,3,3.582,3,4.3v15.4C3,20.418,3.582,21,4.3,21h15.4c0.718,0,1.3-0.582,1.3-1.3V4.3 C21,3.582,20.418,3,19.7,3z M8.339,18.338H5.667v-8.59h2.672V18.338z M7.004,8.574c-0.857,0-1.549-0.694-1.549-1.548 c0-0.855,0.691-1.548,1.549-1.548c0.854,0,1.547,0.694,1.547,1.548C8.551,7.881,7.858,8.574,7.004,8.574z M18.339,18.338h-2.669 v-4.177c0-0.996-0.017-2.278-1.387-2.278c-1.389,0-1.601,1.086-1.601,2.206v4.249h-2.667v-8.59h2.559v1.174h0.037 c0.356-0.675,1.227-1.387,2.526-1.387c2.703,0,3.203,1.779,3.203,4.092V18.338z"></path></svg>				                                    </span>
													<span class="twp-share-label twp-label-title">
				                                        LinkedIn				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
										</div>			</div>
		</div>

	            
            <div class="booster-block booster-author-block">
                <div class="be-author-details layout-square align-left">
                    <div class="be-author-wrapper">
                        <div class="booster-row">
                            <div class="booster-column booster-column-two booster-column-mobile">
                                <div class="be-author-image">
                                    <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a73c21d089723d10d1cbbbb9a3701985f832ae3401b74502eccdb093baa89da9?s=400&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a73c21d089723d10d1cbbbb9a3701985f832ae3401b74502eccdb093baa89da9?s=800&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-400 photo avatar-img" height="400" width="400" />                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="booster-column booster-column-eight booster-column-mobile">
                                <div class="author-details">
                                                                            <header class="twp-plugin-title twp-author-title">
                                            <h2>About Post Author</h2>
                                        </header>
                                                                        <h4 class="be-author-meta be-author-name">
                                        <a href="https://ethiopiantribune.com/author/admin/" class="booster-url-link">
                                            Ethiopian Tribune editor                                        </a>
                                    </h4>
                                                                                                                <div class="be-author-meta be-author-email">
                                            <a href="mailto: editor@ethiopiantribune.com" class="booster-url-link">
                                                <span class="booster-svg-icon booster-svg-envelope"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 3v18h24v-18h-24zm6.623 7.929l-4.623 5.712v-9.458l4.623 3.746zm-4.141-5.929h19.035l-9.517 7.713-9.518-7.713zm5.694 7.188l3.824 3.099 3.83-3.104 5.612 6.817h-18.779l5.513-6.812zm9.208-1.264l4.616-3.741v9.348l-4.616-5.607z" /></svg></span>editor@ethiopiantribune.com                                            </a>
                                        </div>
                                                                                                                <div class="be-author-meta be-author-url">
                                            <a href="https://ethiopiantribune.com" target="_blank" class="booster-url-link">
                                                <span class="booster-svg-icon booster-svg-sphere"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 11.25 1.5 C 5.035156 1.5 0 6.535156 0 12.75 C 0 18.964844 5.035156 24 11.25 24 C 17.464844 24 22.5 18.964844 22.5 12.75 C 22.5 6.535156 17.464844 1.5 11.25 1.5 Z M 17.617188 16.5 C 17.816406 15.550781 17.941406 14.546875 17.984375 13.5 L 20.972656 13.5 C 20.894531 14.535156 20.652344 15.542969 20.253906 16.5 Z M 4.882812 9 C 4.683594 9.949219 4.558594 10.953125 4.515625 12 L 1.527344 12 C 1.605469 10.964844 1.847656 9.957031 2.246094 9 Z M 16.078125 9 C 16.304688 9.960938 16.441406 10.964844 16.484375 12 L 12 12 L 12 9 Z M 12 7.5 L 12 3.109375 C 12.34375 3.210938 12.679688 3.375 13.011719 3.609375 C 13.636719 4.050781 14.230469 4.726562 14.738281 5.566406 C 15.085938 6.148438 15.386719 6.796875 15.640625 7.5 Z M 7.761719 5.566406 C 8.269531 4.726562 8.863281 4.050781 9.488281 3.609375 C 9.820312 3.375 10.15625 3.207031 10.5 3.109375 L 10.5 7.5 L 6.859375 7.5 C 7.113281 6.792969 7.414062 6.148438 7.761719 5.566406 Z M 10.5 9 L 10.5 12 L 6.015625 12 C 6.058594 10.964844 6.195312 9.960938 6.421875 9 Z M 2.246094 16.5 C 1.847656 15.542969 1.605469 14.535156 1.527344 13.5 L 4.515625 13.5 C 4.558594 14.546875 4.683594 15.550781 4.882812 16.5 Z M 6.015625 13.5 L 10.5 13.5 L 10.5 16.5 L 6.421875 16.5 C 6.195312 15.539062 6.058594 14.535156 6.015625 13.5 Z M 10.5 18 L 10.5 22.390625 C 10.15625 22.289062 9.820312 22.125 9.488281 21.890625 C 8.863281 21.449219 8.269531 20.773438 7.761719 19.933594 C 7.414062 19.351562 7.113281 18.703125 6.859375 18 Z M 14.738281 19.933594 C 14.230469 20.773438 13.636719 21.449219 13.011719 21.890625 C 12.679688 22.125 12.34375 22.292969 12 22.390625 L 12 18 L 15.640625 18 C 15.386719 18.707031 15.085938 19.351562 14.738281 19.933594 Z M 12 16.5 L 12 13.5 L 16.484375 13.5 C 16.441406 14.535156 16.304688 15.539062 16.078125 16.5 Z M 17.984375 12 C 17.945312 10.953125 17.816406 9.949219 17.617188 9 L 20.253906 9 C 20.652344 9.957031 20.894531 10.964844 20.972656 12 Z M 19.46875 7.5 L 17.222656 7.5 C 16.785156 6.121094 16.179688 4.914062 15.457031 3.949219 C 16.453125 4.429688 17.355469 5.066406 18.144531 5.855469 C 18.648438 6.359375 19.089844 6.910156 19.46875 7.5 Z M 4.355469 5.855469 C 5.144531 5.066406 6.046875 4.429688 7.042969 3.949219 C 6.320312 4.914062 5.714844 6.121094 5.277344 7.5 L 3.03125 7.5 C 3.410156 6.910156 3.851562 6.359375 4.355469 5.855469 Z M 3.03125 18 L 5.277344 18 C 5.714844 19.378906 6.320312 20.585938 7.042969 21.550781 C 6.046875 21.070312 5.144531 20.433594 4.355469 19.644531 C 3.851562 19.140625 3.410156 18.589844 3.03125 18 Z M 18.144531 19.644531 C 17.355469 20.433594 16.453125 21.070312 15.457031 21.550781 C 16.179688 20.585938 16.785156 19.378906 17.222656 18 L 19.46875 18 C 19.089844 18.589844 18.648438 19.140625 18.144531 19.644531 Z M 18.144531 19.644531 " /></svg></span>https://ethiopiantribune.com                                            </a>
                                        </div>
                                                                                                        </div>
                                <div class="be-author-profiles">
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
                    <div class="booster-block booster-reactions-block">
            <div class="twp-reactions-icons">
                
                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-1" post-id="5050" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/happy.svg" alt="Happy">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Happy                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                        
                                                <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-2" post-id="5050" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/sad.svg" alt="Sad">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Sad                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-3" post-id="5050" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/excited.svg" alt="Excited">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Excited                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-6" post-id="5050" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/sleepy.svg" alt="Sleepy">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Sleepy                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                        
                                                <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-4" post-id="5050" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/angry.svg" alt="Angry">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">Angry</div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                        
                    </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-5" post-id="5050" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/surprise.svg" alt="Surprise">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">Surprise</div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

            </div>
        </div>

    ]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-narrow-door/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">5050</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>የአለመተማመን ሕገ መንግሥት</title>
		<link>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%8a%a0%e1%88%88%e1%88%98%e1%89%b0%e1%88%9b%e1%88%98%e1%8a%95-%e1%88%95%e1%8c%88-%e1%88%98%e1%8a%95%e1%8c%8d%e1%88%a5%e1%89%b5/</link>
					<comments>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%8a%a0%e1%88%88%e1%88%98%e1%89%b0%e1%88%9b%e1%88%98%e1%8a%95-%e1%88%95%e1%8c%88-%e1%88%98%e1%8a%95%e1%8c%8d%e1%88%a5%e1%89%b5/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ethiopian Tribune editor]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 29 Aug 2026 10:01:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Opinion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sustainability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ማህበራዊ ጉዳዮች]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ዘገባዎች በአማርኛ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[www.ethiopiantribune.com]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[አፍሪቃ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[አፍሪካ አንድነት]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ኢትዮጵያ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ኢትዮጵያን ትሪቢውን]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ethiopiantribune.com/?p=5064</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[የአለመተማመን ሕገ መንግሥት — ዘ ኢትዮጵያን ትሪቢዩን ወጥመዱ — የኢትዮጵያ የነጻነት ሕልማችን ምን ሆነ ክፍል...]]></description>
			
			<div class="twp-like-dislike-button twp-like-dislike-thumb">

				
				<span data-id="5064" id="twp-post-like" class="twp-post-like-dislike can-like">
		            <img src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/thumbs-up.svg" />		        </span>

				<span class="twp-like-count">
		            0		        </span>

				
				<span data-id="5064" id="twp-post-dislike" class="twp-post-like-dislike can-dislike ">
		            <img src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/thumbs-down.svg" />		            
		        </span>

				<span class="twp-dislike-count">
		            0		        </span>

			</div>

									<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='booster-block booster-read-block'>
                <div class="twp-read-time">
                	<i class="booster-icon twp-clock"></i> <span>Read Time:</span>6 Minute, 26 Second                </div>

            </div><p><!DOCTYPE html><html lang="am"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><br />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><br />
<title>የአለመተማመን ሕገ መንግሥት — ዘ ኢትዮጵያን ትሪቢዩን</title></head><br />
<body style="margin:0;background:#faf8f4;"></p>
<article style="max-width:44em;margin:0 auto;padding:2.4em 1.3em 3.4em;font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;background:#fffdf9;">
<div style="letter-spacing:0.06em;font-size:0.78em;color:#B8860B;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:0.5em;">ወጥመዱ — የኢትዮጵያ የነጻነት ሕልማችን ምን ሆነ</div>
<div style="letter-spacing:0.1em;font-size:0.78em;color:#7A0C0C;margin-bottom:1.1em;">ክፍል ፪ ከ፭</div>
<h1 style="font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;font-size:2.3em;line-height:1.25;color:#7A0C0C;margin:0 0 0.35em;font-weight:700;">የአለመተማመን ሕገ መንግሥት</h1>
<p style="font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;font-size:1.2em;color:#B8860B;margin:0 0 1.2em;line-height:1.5;">አንድ መሥራች ሰነድ የእስረኞችን ማጣብቂያ በአንድ ሕዝብ ውስጥ እንዴት እንደጻፈ</p>
<p style="font-size:0.85em;color:#555;border-top:1px solid #ddd;border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;padding:0.6em 0;margin:0 0 1.8em;">በ<strong>ኢ. ፍራሺ</strong> &nbsp;·&nbsp; ዘ ኢትዮጵያን ትሪቢዩን</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;"><span style="float:left;font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;font-size:3.6em;line-height:0.9;font-weight:700;color:#7A0C0C;padding:0.02em 0.12em 0 0;;">ወ</span>ጥመዱ የኢትዮጵያ የትውልድ ስፍራ ካለው፣ ያ 2010 ዓ.ም. አይደለም። 1987 ዓ.ም. ነው — የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ ሕገ መንግሥት ሥራ ላይ የዋለበት ዓመት — ለምን እንደሆነም ለማየት ያን መሥራች ሰነድ እንደ መብቶች ቻርተር ሳይሆን፣ በከርቲስ ዘይቤ፣ በሕግ የተጻፈ የሰው ተፈጥሮ ሞዴል አድርጎ ማንበብ ያስፈልጋል። እንዲህ ለማንበብ ደግሞ በመጀመሪያ ሞዴሉን ራሱን ማወቅና ወደ ተሠራበት እንግዳና ጥርጣሬ የሞላበት ክፍል መከታተል ይኖርብናል።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">ሞዴሉ ተጠራጣሪው ተዋናይ ነው፦ በዙሪያው ስላሉት ሁሉ መጥፎውን የሚገምትና በዚያው መሠረት የሚያቅድ፣ የተነጠለ፣ ምክንያታዊ፣ ራስ ወዳድ ግለሰብ። መደበኛ መነሻው በጨዋታ ንድፈ ሐሳብ (game theory) ውስጥ ነው፤ ይህም በሒሳብ ሊቅ ጆን ቮን ኖይማን (John von Neumann) እና በምጣኔ ሀብት ተመራማሪ ኦስካር ሞርገንስተርን (Oskar Morgenstern) «የጨዋታዎችና የምጣኔ ሀብት ባህሪ ንድፈ ሐሳብ» (Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, 1944) በተሰኘ ሥራ የቀረበ ሲሆን፣ የሰውን ምግባር እያንዳንዳቸው ጥቅማቸውን የሚያሳድዱ ተጫዋቾች ስልታዊ ስሌት አድርጎ ቀረጸው። በፔንታጎን የቀዝቃዛ ጦርነት አጥኚ ተቋም በራንድ ኮርፖሬሽን (RAND) ውስጥ፣ ይህ የኒውክሌር ሕልውና ሒሳብ ሆነ። እዚያ ነበር፣ በ1950 ገደማ፣ ሜሪል ፍሉድና ሜልቪን ድሬሸር የሒሳብ ሊቁ አልበርት ተከር ‹የእስረኞች ማጣብቂያ› (prisoner&#8217;s dilemma) ብሎ የሚሰይመውን ሁኔታ የቀየሱት፦ አንዱ ሌላውን ማመን የማይችሉ ሁለት ምክንያታዊ ተዋናዮች፣ እያንዳንዱ ሌላውን በመክዳት አብረው ከመተባበር በባሰ ውጤት ላይ ይደርሳሉ። እዚያም ነበር ወጣቱ የሒሳብ ሊቅ ጆን ናሽ (John Nash) በኋላ የኖቤል ሽልማት የሚያሰጠውን ሚዛን የቀመረው — ተጠራጣሪ ተጫዋቾች፣ እያንዳንዱ ከሌሎቹ እየተከላከለ፣ በአንድነት ተቆልፈው የሚቆሙበት፣ ማንም ብቻውን ተንቀሳቅሶ ደረጃውን ማሻሻል የማይችልበት የተረጋጋ ነጥብ።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">ከርቲስ በዚህ መስቀለኛ ላይ ሆን ብሎ አነጋጋሪ እርምጃ ይወስዳል፤ ታማኝነትም ይህ እንደ ጸና እውነታ ሳይሆን እንደ እርሱ ትርጓሜ እንዲቀርብ ይጠይቃል። ይህን ‹ሰው እንደ ተጠራጣሪ ብቸኛ› ሞዴል ከናሽ የራሱ የፓራኖያ ስኪዞፍሪንያ በሽታና ሥራውን ከደገፈው የቀዝቃዛ ጦርነት ጥርጣሬ የተሞላበት ድባብ ጋር ያገናኘዋል — ሰዎችን እርስ በርስ የማይተማመኑ ተፎካካሪዎች አድርጎ የሚስል ሥዕል፣ በጥርጣሬ ከተያዘ አእምሮና ቅጽበት የተጠቃለለ ይመስል። መዋቅራዊው ነጥብ መቆሙን ለማየት የሕይወት ታሪኩን ምክንያታዊ ትስስር መቀበል አያስፈልግም። አንድ ሰው ምን እንደሆነ የሚያሳይ የተለየና ተስፋ አስቆራጭ ሥዕል፣ ራሱ እንደ ምክንያታዊነት ተደርጎ በሚሸጥበት በዚያው ቅጽበት፣ በዘመናዊው መንግሥት ማሽን ውስጥ ተገንብቶ ነበር።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">አሁን ያንን ሥዕል ከኢትዮጵያ ሕገ መንግሥት መክፈቻ ቃላት ጋር አገናኝተህ ያዝ። ‹እኛ የኢትዮጵያ ብሔሮች፣ ብሔረሰቦች፣ ሕዝቦች…› ‹እኛ ሕዝብ› በነጠላ ሳይሆን ‹እኛ ሕዝቦች› በብዙ ቁጥር — እያንዳንዱ የተለየና አስሊ አካል፣ እያንዳንዱ አንድ ቀን ሊያፈርሰው ወደሚችል ውል እንደ ተዋዋይ ወገን ወደ ፌዴሬሽኑ የገባ። አንቀጽ 39 አመክንዮውን ግልጽ ያደርገዋል፤ መላው ንባቡም በእርሱ ላይ ስለሚመሠረት በትክክል መጥቀሱ ተገቢ ነው፦ ‹ማንኛውም የኢትዮጵያ ብሔር፣ ብሔረሰብ፣ ሕዝብ የራሱን ዕድል በራሱ የመወሰን፣ እስከ መገንጠል ድረስ ያለው መብት ያለ ገደብ የተጠበቀ ነው።› መውጫው እንደ ሥርዓቱ ውድቀት አይታይም። እንደ ባህሪው ተጽፎ፣ በሕገ መንግሥት ተረጋግጦ፣ በዘላቂነት በጠረጴዛው ላይ ተቀምጧል።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">ልክ ባቀረብነው ንድፈ ሐሳብ አማካይነት ስታነብበው፣ ንድፉ ራሱን ይገልጣል። መለስ ዜናዊና የኢሕአዴግ አናጺዎች የገነቡት — ቃላቱን ተጠቅመውበትም አልተጠቀሙበትም — የሕግ ኃይል የተሰጠው የእስረኞች ማጣብቂያ ነበር። እያንዳንዱ ሕዝብ እንደ ምክንያታዊ፣ ራስ ወዳድ ተዋናይ ተቀርጿል። እያንዳንዱ ሌሎቹ የራሳቸውን ጥቅም እያሳደዱ እንደሆነ እንዲገምት ተጋብዟል። እያንዳንዱ በአንቀጽ 39 ውስጥ ከጠቅላላው ወጥቶ የመሄድ ቋሚ ማስፈራሪያ ተሰጥቶታል። እንዲህ ባለ መዋቅር ውስጥ በግል ምክንያታዊ የሆነው እርምጃ — የናሽ ሒሳብ እንደሚተነብየው — መጀመሪያ አለማመን፣ መጀመሪያ ትጥቅ አለመፍታት፣ ሁልጊዜ የራስን ቡድን ከሌሎቹ ክፉ ልቦና ዕድል መጠበቅ ነው። የተረጋጋው ውጤት፣ የነገሩ ሚዛን፣ መተባበር አይደለም። እያንዳንዱ ወገን በሌላው ላይ የሚታጠቅበት፣ ሁሉም አንድ የጋራ የመተማመን ተግባር ካደረጋቸው በባሰ ሁኔታ የሚቀሩበት፣ ዝቅተኛ የመተማመን ፍጥጫ ነው። ይህ ከራንድ የጥናት ክፍል ወደ አንድ የአፍሪካ አገር መሥራች ሕግ የተሸጋገረ የጥርጣሬ ንድፍ ነው።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">እዚህ ጋር መጠቀስ የሚገባው የምሁር ድልድይ አለ፤ ከርቲስን በላላ ንጽጽር ሳይሆን በጥብቅ ለማስፋት ያስችለናልና። የፖለቲካ ሳይንቲስቱ ባሪ ፖዘን (Barry Posen)፣ በ1993 በ‹ሰርቫይቫል› (Survival) መጽሔት ላይ ባሳተመው ‹የደኅንነት ማጣብቂያና የብሔር ግጭት› (The Security Dilemma and Ethnic Conflict) በተሰኘ ጽሑፍ፣ ያንኑ የጨዋታ ንድፈ ሐሳብ ማዕከል — በእስረኞች ማጣብቂያ ልብ ውስጥ ያለውን የጋራ፣ ራሱን የሚያሟላ ፍርሃት — ወስዶ በትክክል በብዙ ብሔር ባለቤት መንግሥታት ላይ ተግባራዊ አደረገው። ከዩጎዝላቪያ መፍረስ የቀዳው ግንዛቤው እንዲህ ነበር፦ አንድ ንጉሠ ነገሥታዊ ወይም የበላይ ኃይል ከቡድኖቹ በላይ ተቀምጦ እንዳይፎካከሩ እስከከለከለ ድረስ፣ ጨዋታው ታፍኖ፣ ሰላሙ — ምንም ያህል ባይወደድም — ይጸናል። ነገር ግን ያ ኃይል በተነሳ ቅጽበት፣ እያንዳንዱ ቡድን በድንገተኛ ሥርዓት አልበኝነት ውስጥ ራሱን አግኝቶ፣ ለራሱ ደኅንነት እንዲያስብ ተገዶ፣ የእያንዳንዱን ጎረቤት የመከላከያ ዝግጅት ሊሆን የሚችል የማጥቃት ስጋት አድርጎ ያነባል — ለረጅም ጊዜ ተኝቶ የነበረው ማጣብቂያም ተዘግቶ ይያዛል። ከርቲስ ይህን እርምጃ አልወሰደም። ፖዘን ወሰደው። የእኛ ድርሻ ኢትዮጵያ ሙከራውን እንዳካሄደች መገንዘብ ነው።</p>
<blockquote style="border-top:2px solid #7A0C0C;border-bottom:2px solid #7A0C0C;color:#7A0C0C;font-size:1.3em;line-height:1.7;text-align:center;max-width:34em;margin:1.8em auto;padding:0.7em 0.5em;font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;"><p>ንድፉ በ2010 ዓ.ም. አልከሸፈም። ንድፉ በመጨረሻ፣ በአስከፊ ሁኔታ፣ እንዲሠራ የተፈቀደለት በ2010 ዓ.ም. ነበር።</p></blockquote>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">ለሩብ ክፍለ ዘመን ማጣብቂያው ተገቶ ነበር — በመተማመን ሳይሆን በአንድ የበላይ ኃይል። የኢሕአዴግ የአብዮታዊ ዲሞክራሲና የዲሞክራሲያዊ ማዕከላዊነት አስተምህሮ አንድ የበላይ ፓርቲ ከፌዴሬሽኑ በላይ አስቀምጦ፣ ሕዝቦቹ ሕገ መንግሥቱ የጻፈላቸውን ጨዋታ እንዳይጫወቱ በቀላሉ ከለከለ። ፉክክር ታፈነ፤ የመውጫ አንቀጹ ንድፈ ሐሳባዊ ሆነ፤ ግንባር ቀደሙ ፓርቲ የመተባበሩን ውጤት ውስጡ አድርጎ ከላይ ጫነው። የፌዴራል ንድፉ የሚሠራ መሰለ፤ ግን የሚሠራው የተጠመዘዘ ስፕሪንግ ያረፈ የሚመስልበትን መንገድ ነበር። የሚተማመኑ ብሔሮች ፌዴሬሽን የመሰለው በእውነቱ የተገቱ ብሔሮች ፌዴሬሽን ነበር።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">ከዚያም ገደቡ ተነሳ። የ2010 ዓ.ም. ለውጥ — በመጀመሪያው ክፍል እውነተኛ ነጻ መውጣት ብለን የጠራነው ያው መከፈት — በፖዘን ትክክለኛ ስሜት የበላዩ ኃይል መነሳት ነበር። የበላዩ ተጫዋች ከሰሌዳው ወደ ኋላ አፈገፈገ፤ ለሃያ ሰባት ዓመታት አፍኖት የነበረው ጨዋታም በተለቀቀ ውጥረት ፍጥነት ራሱን አረጋገጠ። እያንዳንዱ ሕዝብ፣ አሁን በእውነት ነጻ ሆኖ፣ መዋቅሩ ሁልጊዜ ያዘዘውን አደረገ። አሰላ። ጎረቤቶቹን ተመለከተ፣ ታሪኩን አስታወሰ፣ መጀመሪያ ራሱን ለማስጠበቅም ተንቀሳቀሰ።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">ማስረጃው የመጨረሻዎቹ ሰባት ዓመታት የአገራችን ሕይወት ናቸው። የክልል ‹ልዩ ኃይሎች›ና የብሔር ሚሊሻዎች መስፋፋት — ክልል በክልል የራሱን ቋሚ ሠራዊት ማቆም፣ ምክንያቱም ያለ አንዱ ብቸኛ ክልል መሆን የሞኙን ዋጋ መቀበል ነበርና። በደቡብ አዲስ ክልልነት ፍለጋ የተደረገው ሽሚያ፣ አሮጌው የደቡብ ብሔሮች ክልል ዞን በዞን ደኅንነቱ በጋራ ቤት ውስጥ ሳይሆን በራሱ ክልላዊ መውጫ እንደሆነ እያሰላ ሲሰነጣጠቅ፦ ሲዳማ በ2012 ዓ.ም. (2019) ራሱን ክልል አደረገ፣ የደቡብ ምዕራብ ስብስብ በ2014 ዓ.ም. (2021) ተከተለ፣ ተጨማሪ ክፍፍሎችም በ2015 ዓ.ም. (2023) ሕግ ወጣላቸው። እናም፣ ንድፈ ሐሳቡ ሊጠይቀው በሚችለው እጅግ ንጹህ ማሳያ፣ የ2015 ዓ.ም. (2023) የፌዴራል እርምጃ የክልል ልዩ ኃይሎችን ወደ ብሔራዊው ሠራዊት ለማካተት የተወሰደው — በተግባር፣ ሁሉም በአንዴ ትጥቅ እንዲፈታ የቀረበ ጥያቄ። በመተማመን ላይ በተገነባ ሥርዓት ውስጥ ግልጽ በጎ ነገር በሆነ ነበር። በእስረኞች ማጣብቂያ ውስጥ ግን ሊታሰብ የማይችል ደረጃ ላይ ነበር፣ ምክንያቱም ሌሎች ላይፈቱ ሲችሉ አንተ መጀመሪያ ትጥቅህን ማስቀመጥ መዋቅሩ እጅግ የሚቀጣው እርምጃ ነውና። በአማራ ትእዛዙ ከተቀናቃኞች ቀድሞ ትጥቅ መፍታት ተደርጎ በሰፊው ተነበበ፣ የፋኖ ንቅናቄም ተከተለ፣ ሚዛኑም በደም ራሱን አረጋገጠ። ከእርሱ በፊት ትግራይ በዙሪያውም ኦሮሚያ ያንኑ ታሪክ በተለያየ ቃና ይነግሩታል።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">እዚህ ጋር ይህ ተከታታይ ጽሑፍ ለራሱ የሚገባውን ተግሣጽ መያዝ አለብን — ከርቲስ ራሱ ብዙ ጊዜ የሚተወውን ተግሣጽ። የእስረኞች ማጣብቂያ ያበራል፤ ነገር ግን ከጥፋተኝነት ነጻ እንዲያወጣ መፈቀድ የለበትም። ሚዛን መንደር አያፈርስም ወይም ከተማ በመድፍ አይደበድብም። ሰዎች ነው የሚያደርጉት፣ መርጠውም ያደርጉታል፣ አንዳንዶችም ለሕልውና ሳይሆን ለትርፍ ይመርጡታል። ማዕቀፉ መተማመን በመዋቅሩ ለምን ደካማ እንደሆነ ያስረዳል፤ ደካማነቱን የተጠቀሙትን ኃላፊነት ግን አያቀልጥም። የጨዋታ ንድፈ ሐሳቡ ወደ ‹ቲኦዲሲ› — ደሙ የማንም ጥፋት አልነበረም፣ ሒሳቡ ራሱን ሲያሠራ ነበር የሚል ማስረጃ — እንዲለወጥ መፍቀድ፣ ልንገልጸው ወደምንሞክረው ወጥመድ ውስጥ መውደቅ ነው፦ ሁሉንም ስለሚያስረዳ ሁሉንም ይቅር የሚል የሚያማልል ሁሉን አቀፍ ሥርዓት። ሞዴሉ በእርሱ ማሰቢያ ብርሃን ነው እንጂ ሰበብ አይደለም።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">በማያሻማ ሁኔታ የሚያሳየው ነገር ግን፣ አገራዊ ጥርጣሬያችን የባህል ጉድለት ወይም በደም ውስጥ የሚጠባበቅ ጥንታዊ ጥላቻ አለመሆኑን ነው። የተነደፈ ውጤት ነው — በመሥራች ሰነድ ውስጥ የተቀረጸ፣ በአንድ ፓርቲ ለአንድ ትውልድ የታፈነ፣ በነጻ መውጣት የተለቀቀ። ነጻነታችን በ2010 ዓ.ም. ተሰጠን፣ ነጻነቱም እውነተኛ ነበር። ነገር ግን ሕገ መንግሥቱ የቀረጸልን ማንነት — ተጠንቃቂው፣ አስሊው ተዋናይ — በስጦታው ውስጥ ይጠባበቅ ነበር። በሩን ከፈትን፣ እርሱም አብሮን ገባ። ይህ የወጥመዱ የመጀመሪያ መንጋጋ ነው። ሁለተኛው ይበልጥ ጸጥ ያለ ነው፣ የብቃትንም ፊት ይለብሳል። ይቆጥራል።</p>
<h2 style="color:#B8860B;font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;font-size:1.15em;letter-spacing:0.04em;margin:2.2em 0 0.7em;border-bottom:1px solid #B8860B;padding-bottom:0.3em;">ምንጮች</h2>
<p style="margin:0 0 0.7em;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.7;color:#333;"><strong style="color:#7A0C0C;">የጥርጣሬ ንድፍ።</strong> ጆን ቮን ኖይማንና ኦስካር ሞርገንስተርን፣ «Theory of Games and Economic Behavior» (1944)፤ ጆን ናሽ፣ «Equilibrium Points in n-Person Games» (1950) እና «Non-Cooperative Games» (1951)፤ የእስረኞች ማጣብቂያ በራንድ በሜሪል ፍሉድና በሜልቪን ድሬሸር (1950) ተቀርጾ በአልበርት ተከር ተሰይሟል። በናሽ በሽታና በሞዴሉ መካከል ያለው ትስስር የከርቲስ ትርጓሜ ሲሆን፣ እዚህ እንደዚያው ቀርቧል።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 0.7em;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.7;color:#333;"><strong style="color:#7A0C0C;">የብሔር ደኅንነት ማጣብቂያ።</strong> ባሪ ፖዘን፣ «The Security Dilemma and Ethnic Conflict»፣ ‹ሰርቫይቫል› (Survival) 35፡1 (1993)።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 0.7em;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.7;color:#333;"><strong style="color:#7A0C0C;">መሥራቹ ሰነድ።</strong> የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ ሕገ መንግሥት (1987 ዓ.ም.)፣ መግቢያና አንቀጽ 39፣ ከኦፊሴላዊው ጽሑፍ የተጠቀሰ።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 0.7em;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.7;color:#333;"><strong style="color:#7A0C0C;">የኢትዮጵያ መዝገብ።</strong> የሲዳማ ክልላዊ ሕዝበ ውሳኔ (2012 ዓ.ም./2019)፤ የደቡብ ምዕራብ ኢትዮጵያ ሕዝቦች ክልል መመሥረት (2014 ዓ.ም./2021)፤ ተጨማሪ የደቡብ አደረጃጀት (2015 ዓ.ም./2023)፤ የ2015 ዓ.ም. (2023) የክልል ልዩ ኃይሎችን ወደ ብሔራዊ ሠራዊት የማዋሃድ እርምጃና ተከትሎት የመጣው የአማራ/ፋኖ ንቅናቄ — በዝግጅት ወቅት ወደ ትሪቢዩኑ የራሱ ዘገባና ወደ ተጠቀሱ ውጫዊ ምንጮች ይመሠረታል።</p>
<p style="margin-top:2.4em;padding-top:1em;border-top:1px solid #B8860B;font-size:0.82em;color:#888;text-align:center;">ወጥመዱ · ክፍል ፪ ከ፭ · ዘ ኢትዮጵያን ትሪቢዩን</p>
</article>
<p></body></html></p>


		<div class=" twp-social-share  booster-clear">

						    <header class="twp-plugin-title twp-share-title">
			        <h2>Share</h2>
			    </header>
			
		    <div class="twp-share-container">
				<div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-facebook">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%8a%a0%e1%88%88%e1%88%98%e1%89%b0%e1%88%9b%e1%88%98%e1%8a%95-%e1%88%95%e1%8c%88-%e1%88%98%e1%8a%95%e1%8c%8d%e1%88%a5%e1%89%b5/'); "  href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%8a%a0%e1%88%88%e1%88%98%e1%89%b0%e1%88%9b%e1%88%98%e1%8a%95-%e1%88%95%e1%8c%88-%e1%88%98%e1%8a%95%e1%8c%8d%e1%88%a5%e1%89%b5/" >
			                                <span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>												<span class="twp-share-media">

													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M22.675 0h-21.35c-.732 0-1.325.593-1.325 1.325v21.351c0 .731.593 1.324 1.325 1.324h11.495v-9.294h-3.128v-3.622h3.128v-2.671c0-3.1 1.893-4.788 4.659-4.788 1.325 0 2.463.099 2.795.143v3.24l-1.918.001c-1.504 0-1.795.715-1.795 1.763v2.313h3.587l-.467 3.622h-3.12v9.293h6.116c.73 0 1.323-.593 1.323-1.325v-21.35c0-.732-.593-1.325-1.325-1.325z" /></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Facebook				                                        </span>
				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-twitter">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=የአለመተማመን%20ሕገ%20መንግሥት&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%8a%a0%e1%88%88%e1%88%98%e1%89%b0%e1%88%9b%e1%88%98%e1%8a%95-%e1%88%95%e1%8c%88-%e1%88%98%e1%8a%95%e1%8c%8d%e1%88%a5%e1%89%b5/'); "  href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=የአለመተማመን%20ሕገ%20መንግሥት&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%8a%a0%e1%88%88%e1%88%98%e1%89%b0%e1%88%9b%e1%88%98%e1%8a%95-%e1%88%95%e1%8c%88-%e1%88%98%e1%8a%95%e1%8c%8d%e1%88%a5%e1%89%b5/" >
			                                <span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>												<span class="twp-share-media">
													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z"></path></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Twitter				                                        </span>
												    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-pinterest">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow" href="javascript:twp_be_pinterest()">
											<span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>				                                <span class="twp-share-media">
													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M12.289,2C6.617,2,3.606,5.648,3.606,9.622c0,1.846,1.025,4.146,2.666,4.878c0.25,0.111,0.381,0.063,0.439-0.169 c0.044-0.175,0.267-1.029,0.365-1.428c0.032-0.128,0.017-0.237-0.091-0.362C6.445,11.911,6.01,10.75,6.01,9.668 c0-2.777,2.194-5.464,5.933-5.464c3.23,0,5.49,2.108,5.49,5.122c0,3.407-1.794,5.768-4.13,5.768c-1.291,0-2.257-1.021-1.948-2.277 c0.372-1.495,1.089-3.112,1.089-4.191c0-0.967-0.542-1.775-1.663-1.775c-1.319,0-2.379,1.309-2.379,3.059 c0,1.115,0.394,1.869,0.394,1.869s-1.302,5.279-1.54,6.261c-0.405,1.666,0.053,4.368,0.094,4.604 c0.021,0.126,0.167,0.169,0.25,0.063c0.129-0.165,1.699-2.419,2.142-4.051c0.158-0.59,0.817-2.995,0.817-2.995 c0.43,0.784,1.681,1.446,3.013,1.446c3.963,0,6.822-3.494,6.822-7.833C20.394,5.112,16.849,2,12.289,2"></path></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Pinterest				                                        </span>
				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-linkedin">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;title=የአለመተማመን%20ሕገ%20መንግሥት&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%8a%a0%e1%88%88%e1%88%98%e1%89%b0%e1%88%9b%e1%88%98%e1%8a%95-%e1%88%95%e1%8c%88-%e1%88%98%e1%8a%95%e1%8c%8d%e1%88%a5%e1%89%b5/'); "  href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;title=የአለመተማመን%20ሕገ%20መንግሥት&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%8a%a0%e1%88%88%e1%88%98%e1%89%b0%e1%88%9b%e1%88%98%e1%8a%95-%e1%88%95%e1%8c%88-%e1%88%98%e1%8a%95%e1%8c%8d%e1%88%a5%e1%89%b5/" >
																							<span class="twp-share-media">
				                                    <span class="share-media-nocount">
													    <svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19.7,3H4.3C3.582,3,3,3.582,3,4.3v15.4C3,20.418,3.582,21,4.3,21h15.4c0.718,0,1.3-0.582,1.3-1.3V4.3 C21,3.582,20.418,3,19.7,3z M8.339,18.338H5.667v-8.59h2.672V18.338z M7.004,8.574c-0.857,0-1.549-0.694-1.549-1.548 c0-0.855,0.691-1.548,1.549-1.548c0.854,0,1.547,0.694,1.547,1.548C8.551,7.881,7.858,8.574,7.004,8.574z M18.339,18.338h-2.669 v-4.177c0-0.996-0.017-2.278-1.387-2.278c-1.389,0-1.601,1.086-1.601,2.206v4.249h-2.667v-8.59h2.559v1.174h0.037 c0.356-0.675,1.227-1.387,2.526-1.387c2.703,0,3.203,1.779,3.203,4.092V18.338z"></path></svg>				                                    </span>
													<span class="twp-share-label twp-label-title">
				                                        LinkedIn				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
										</div>			</div>
		</div>

	            
            <div class="booster-block booster-author-block">
                <div class="be-author-details layout-square align-left">
                    <div class="be-author-wrapper">
                        <div class="booster-row">
                            <div class="booster-column booster-column-two booster-column-mobile">
                                <div class="be-author-image">
                                    <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a73c21d089723d10d1cbbbb9a3701985f832ae3401b74502eccdb093baa89da9?s=400&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a73c21d089723d10d1cbbbb9a3701985f832ae3401b74502eccdb093baa89da9?s=800&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-400 photo avatar-img" height="400" width="400" />                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="booster-column booster-column-eight booster-column-mobile">
                                <div class="author-details">
                                                                            <header class="twp-plugin-title twp-author-title">
                                            <h2>About Post Author</h2>
                                        </header>
                                                                        <h4 class="be-author-meta be-author-name">
                                        <a href="https://ethiopiantribune.com/author/admin/" class="booster-url-link">
                                            Ethiopian Tribune editor                                        </a>
                                    </h4>
                                                                                                                <div class="be-author-meta be-author-email">
                                            <a href="mailto: editor@ethiopiantribune.com" class="booster-url-link">
                                                <span class="booster-svg-icon booster-svg-envelope"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 3v18h24v-18h-24zm6.623 7.929l-4.623 5.712v-9.458l4.623 3.746zm-4.141-5.929h19.035l-9.517 7.713-9.518-7.713zm5.694 7.188l3.824 3.099 3.83-3.104 5.612 6.817h-18.779l5.513-6.812zm9.208-1.264l4.616-3.741v9.348l-4.616-5.607z" /></svg></span>editor@ethiopiantribune.com                                            </a>
                                        </div>
                                                                                                                <div class="be-author-meta be-author-url">
                                            <a href="https://ethiopiantribune.com" target="_blank" class="booster-url-link">
                                                <span class="booster-svg-icon booster-svg-sphere"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 11.25 1.5 C 5.035156 1.5 0 6.535156 0 12.75 C 0 18.964844 5.035156 24 11.25 24 C 17.464844 24 22.5 18.964844 22.5 12.75 C 22.5 6.535156 17.464844 1.5 11.25 1.5 Z M 17.617188 16.5 C 17.816406 15.550781 17.941406 14.546875 17.984375 13.5 L 20.972656 13.5 C 20.894531 14.535156 20.652344 15.542969 20.253906 16.5 Z M 4.882812 9 C 4.683594 9.949219 4.558594 10.953125 4.515625 12 L 1.527344 12 C 1.605469 10.964844 1.847656 9.957031 2.246094 9 Z M 16.078125 9 C 16.304688 9.960938 16.441406 10.964844 16.484375 12 L 12 12 L 12 9 Z M 12 7.5 L 12 3.109375 C 12.34375 3.210938 12.679688 3.375 13.011719 3.609375 C 13.636719 4.050781 14.230469 4.726562 14.738281 5.566406 C 15.085938 6.148438 15.386719 6.796875 15.640625 7.5 Z M 7.761719 5.566406 C 8.269531 4.726562 8.863281 4.050781 9.488281 3.609375 C 9.820312 3.375 10.15625 3.207031 10.5 3.109375 L 10.5 7.5 L 6.859375 7.5 C 7.113281 6.792969 7.414062 6.148438 7.761719 5.566406 Z M 10.5 9 L 10.5 12 L 6.015625 12 C 6.058594 10.964844 6.195312 9.960938 6.421875 9 Z M 2.246094 16.5 C 1.847656 15.542969 1.605469 14.535156 1.527344 13.5 L 4.515625 13.5 C 4.558594 14.546875 4.683594 15.550781 4.882812 16.5 Z M 6.015625 13.5 L 10.5 13.5 L 10.5 16.5 L 6.421875 16.5 C 6.195312 15.539062 6.058594 14.535156 6.015625 13.5 Z M 10.5 18 L 10.5 22.390625 C 10.15625 22.289062 9.820312 22.125 9.488281 21.890625 C 8.863281 21.449219 8.269531 20.773438 7.761719 19.933594 C 7.414062 19.351562 7.113281 18.703125 6.859375 18 Z M 14.738281 19.933594 C 14.230469 20.773438 13.636719 21.449219 13.011719 21.890625 C 12.679688 22.125 12.34375 22.292969 12 22.390625 L 12 18 L 15.640625 18 C 15.386719 18.707031 15.085938 19.351562 14.738281 19.933594 Z M 12 16.5 L 12 13.5 L 16.484375 13.5 C 16.441406 14.535156 16.304688 15.539062 16.078125 16.5 Z M 17.984375 12 C 17.945312 10.953125 17.816406 9.949219 17.617188 9 L 20.253906 9 C 20.652344 9.957031 20.894531 10.964844 20.972656 12 Z M 19.46875 7.5 L 17.222656 7.5 C 16.785156 6.121094 16.179688 4.914062 15.457031 3.949219 C 16.453125 4.429688 17.355469 5.066406 18.144531 5.855469 C 18.648438 6.359375 19.089844 6.910156 19.46875 7.5 Z M 4.355469 5.855469 C 5.144531 5.066406 6.046875 4.429688 7.042969 3.949219 C 6.320312 4.914062 5.714844 6.121094 5.277344 7.5 L 3.03125 7.5 C 3.410156 6.910156 3.851562 6.359375 4.355469 5.855469 Z M 3.03125 18 L 5.277344 18 C 5.714844 19.378906 6.320312 20.585938 7.042969 21.550781 C 6.046875 21.070312 5.144531 20.433594 4.355469 19.644531 C 3.851562 19.140625 3.410156 18.589844 3.03125 18 Z M 18.144531 19.644531 C 17.355469 20.433594 16.453125 21.070312 15.457031 21.550781 C 16.179688 20.585938 16.785156 19.378906 17.222656 18 L 19.46875 18 C 19.089844 18.589844 18.648438 19.140625 18.144531 19.644531 Z M 18.144531 19.644531 " /></svg></span>https://ethiopiantribune.com                                            </a>
                                        </div>
                                                                                                        </div>
                                <div class="be-author-profiles">
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
                    <div class="booster-block booster-reactions-block">
            <div class="twp-reactions-icons">
                
                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-1" post-id="5064" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/happy.svg" alt="Happy">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Happy                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                        
                                                <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-2" post-id="5064" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/sad.svg" alt="Sad">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Sad                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-3" post-id="5064" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/excited.svg" alt="Excited">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Excited                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-6" post-id="5064" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/sleepy.svg" alt="Sleepy">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Sleepy                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                        
                                                <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-4" post-id="5064" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/angry.svg" alt="Angry">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">Angry</div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                        
                    </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-5" post-id="5064" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/surprise.svg" alt="Surprise">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">Surprise</div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

            </div>
        </div>

    ]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%8a%a0%e1%88%88%e1%88%98%e1%89%b0%e1%88%9b%e1%88%98%e1%8a%95-%e1%88%95%e1%8c%88-%e1%88%98%e1%8a%95%e1%8c%8d%e1%88%a5%e1%89%b5/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">5064</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Bait Is the Dream</title>
		<link>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-bait-is-the-dream/</link>
					<comments>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-bait-is-the-dream/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ethiopian Tribune editor]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 29 Aug 2026 06:17:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[African News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Breaking News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Opinion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sustainability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ማህበራዊ ጉዳዮች]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[#EthiopianTribune]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ethionews]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ethiopia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ethiopian News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ethiopian Tribune]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ኢትዮጵያ]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ethiopiantribune.com/?p=5049</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The Bait Is the Dream — The Ethiopian Tribune THE TRAP — WHAT HAPPENED TO...]]></description>
			
			<div class="twp-like-dislike-button twp-like-dislike-thumb">

				
				<span data-id="5049" id="twp-post-like" class="twp-post-like-dislike can-like">
		            <img src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/thumbs-up.svg" />		        </span>

				<span class="twp-like-count">
		            0		        </span>

				
				<span data-id="5049" id="twp-post-dislike" class="twp-post-like-dislike can-dislike ">
		            <img src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/thumbs-down.svg" />		            
		        </span>

				<span class="twp-dislike-count">
		            0		        </span>

			</div>

									<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='booster-block booster-read-block'>
                <div class="twp-read-time">
                	<i class="booster-icon twp-clock"></i> <span>Read Time:</span>10 Minute, 15 Second                </div>

            </div><p><meta charset="utf-8"><br />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"></p>
<p><title>The Bait Is the Dream — The Ethiopian Tribune</title></p>
<article style="max-width: 44em; margin: 0 auto; padding: 2.4em 1.3em 3.4em; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif; background: #fffdf9">
<div style="text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.18em; font-size: 0.72em; color: #B8860B; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 0.5em">THE TRAP — WHAT HAPPENED TO OUR ETHIOPIAN DREAM OF FREEDOM</div>
<div style="text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.22em; font-size: 0.7em; color: #7A0C0C; margin-bottom: 1.1em">PART IV OF V</div>
<h1 style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif; font-size: 2.5em; line-height: 1.1; color: #7A0C0C; margin: 0 0 0.35em; font-weight: 700">The Bait Is the Dream</h1>
<p style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif; font-style: italic; font-size: 1.2em; color: #B8860B; margin: 0 0 1.2em; line-height: 1.35">Prosperity, the bulldozer, and the freedom that compels</p>
<p style="font-size: 0.82em; letter-spacing: 0.05em; color: #555; border-top: 1px solid #ddd; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 0.6em 0; margin: 0 0 1.8em">By <strong>E. Frashie</strong> &nbsp;·&nbsp; The Ethiopian Tribune</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A"><span style="float: left; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif; font-size: 4.4em; line-height: 0.82; font-weight: 700; color: #7A0C0C; padding: 0.02em 0.10em 0 0">A</span> trap needs jaws, and we have watched two of them close: the constitution that taught each people to arm against the others, the milestone that taught the state to trust its instruments over its people. But a trap also needs bait — something desired, something reached for, something that draws the creature onto the mechanism of its own accord. The cruelty Curtis wants us to feel is that no one is dragged into the trap of freedom. We walk in. And what draws us is the most beautiful thing we have: the dream itself.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">Here we arrive at the idea on which his whole film is built, and it is worth stating with precision, for it is the hinge of everything. In “Two Concepts of Liberty,” his 1958 lecture at Oxford, Isaiah Berlin drew the distinction that has organised this series from the start. Negative liberty is freedom <em>from</em> — the absence of interference, the space in which a person is left alone to live as she chooses. Positive liberty is freedom <em>to</em> — self-mastery, self-realisation, the freedom to become one’s higher, truer, fully realised self. Berlin’s warning, delivered at the height of the Cold War and aimed at the totalitarianisms of his century, was that the second concept is by far the more perilous. For the moment I claim to know your true self — the self you would be if only you were wiser, freer of false consciousness, delivered from your own confusion — I have granted myself permission to override the self you actually are. I may coerce the empirical you, the you standing inconveniently before me, in the name of the real you I have decided to liberate. Oppression is transfigured into rescue. The boot on the neck becomes an act of care.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">Berlin knew exactly where this idea was born, and so does Curtis. Its purest source is Rousseau, and the sentence in <em>The Social Contract</em> (1762) that ought to chill every citizen who hears it: that whoever refuses to obey the general will shall be compelled to do so by the whole body, which means “nothing less than that he will be forced to be free.” From that phrase, Curtis argues, runs a line to Robespierre and the Terror — the Committee of Public Safety guillotining in the name of virtue, killing the people to deliver the People — and onward through every revolutionary vanguard that found itself, sincerely, demolishing in order to redeem. His third episode, from which this part takes its title, follows the line into our own age, through the neoconservative dream of imposing freedom on Iraq at the point of a gun. The paradox he leaves ringing is total: even the attempt to spread negative liberty — freedom-from — when pursued by force and vanguard and plan, becomes a positive-liberty project of the most violent kind. The men who would free you cannot help but force you.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">Now hold that lecture-hall abstraction in one hand, and in the other hold the ruling party of Ethiopia, and read its name. Prosperity. <span style="font-family: 'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic',sans-serif">ብልጽግና</span>. In 2019 the EPRDF dissolved itself and reconstituted its heirs as the Prosperity Party — and in doing so named itself, with an honesty it perhaps did not intend, after a destination. Not a party of process, of deliberation, of the patient negotiation of competing goods, but a party of arrival: the vehicle that will deliver the Ethiopian people to a prosperous, dignified, glorious future already envisioned on their behalf. Its guiding philosophy, <span style="font-family: 'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic',sans-serif">መደመር</span> — <em>medemer</em>, “coming together,” “synergy,” “addition,” given book-length form by the prime minister in 2019 — is, whatever its considerable poetry, a doctrine of the citizen’s <em>true</em> collective self: the self that would set aside its narrow, divisive, zero-sum attachments and add itself into a greater whole. In Berlin’s precise taxonomy it is a positive-liberty philosophy. It knows what Ethiopians ought to become. And a movement that knows what you ought to become has already, in embryo, granted itself the right to make you become it.</p>
<blockquote style="border-top: 2px solid #7A0C0C; border-bottom: 2px solid #7A0C0C; color: #7A0C0C; font-style: italic; font-size: 1.28em; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center; max-width: 36em; margin: 1.8em auto; padding: 0.7em 0.5em; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif"><p>The man who opened the prison doors in 2018 did not betray the dream when he took up the bulldozer. He was serving it. That is the horror Berlin tried to warn us of: it is the same dream.</p>
</blockquote>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">Watch the dream, then, become the bulldozer — literally, concretely, in the streets of the capital. The Corridor Development projects, driven across Addis Ababa from 2022 and extended through 2024 and 2025 into Adama, Hawassa, Dire Dawa and other cities, are the positive-liberty state made visible in asphalt and demolition. The vision is genuinely seductive: a clean, modern, world-class city of broad boulevards, fountains, cycle lanes and gleaming towers, a capital worthy of a great nation and a great continent. And to build it, homes are marked, cleared and reduced to rubble. Human-rights organisations and international media have reported the displacement of large numbers of residents — rights monitors have put the figure in the tens of thousands — with many relocated to the periphery and compensation that, by those same accounts, has ranged from inadequate to absent. The neighbourhood that overflows the plan, the informal life that cannot be entered into the rendering, is not consulted. It is removed. And the people who lived there are told — and I do not doubt that many of those doing the telling believe it — that this is being done for them, for their prosperity, their dignity, the beautiful Ethiopia their grandchildren will inherit. They are being forced, in the exact sense Rousseau and Berlin could have wished, to be free.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">The aesthetic ascends from the boulevard to the palace. The vast, secretive project reported on the Entoto heights — a new national palace whose cost has been reported, on figures the prime minister himself has referred to, at around ten billion US dollars, complete with artificial lakes and imperial landscaping — is the dream in its most naked form: national greatness as a thing to be built, a destiny rendered in stone and water while the birr collapses in the valley below. One recognises the grammar. It is the grammar of every vanguard that has ever known the people’s future better than the people did — the monument, the five-year plan, the model village, the shining city on the hill. The scale of the vision is precisely proportioned to the scale of what may be sacrificed to it.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">At the largest scale of all, the wars can be read in the same grammar — though here one must tread with the greatest care in this entire series. It is possible to see in the campaigns in Tigray, in Amhara, in Oromia the positive-liberty logic in its ultimate register: the conviction that a unified, orderly, prosperous Ethiopia is a good so great, so self-evidently the people’s true destiny, that resistance to it may legitimately be broken. The dream of the whole licenses the breaking of the part. But I will not reduce those wars to a philosophy lecture, and neither should the reader. Hundreds of thousands are dead. To fold that into a tidy genealogy of an idea would be to commit, on the page, the very abstraction this series condemns — the mistaking of the model for the reality, the number for the mouth. Let the frame illuminate the logic, and let the dead remain, insistently, dead. Some things must not be made elegant.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">Which returns us, once more, to the discipline. The reading offered here carries a seduction of its own, and it is the seduction of the villain’s origin story — Abiy Ahmed as the man who was always going to become the coercer, the liberator with the bulldozer already idling in his heart. Resist it. The truer and more frightening account, the properly Curtisian one, the one Berlin actually wrote, is that there need be no villain at all. The dream does not require a cynic to become a cage. It requires only a sincere believer with power and a vision of who the people ought to be. It is entirely possible that the man meant every word in 2018 and means every word now, and cannot see — because the structure of positive liberty makes it almost impossible to see — that the freedom he now imposes and the freedom he once released are, philosophically, the same act turned inside out. That is not an exoneration. A sincere coercer is still a coercer, and the displaced are no less displaced for the purity of the intention that displaced them. It is something harder: an explanation that denies us the comfort of a monster, and hands us instead the far more disquieting possibility that the trap is built into the dream, and that any of us, holding that dream and that power, might have sprung it.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">One need not reach for the grand scale to see the logic at work; the small scale, this very week, will do. On the morning of Saturday 16 Nehase 2018 in the Ethiopian calendar — 22 August 2026 — according to a video report by the outlet Bisrat Media, which the Tribune has not been able to corroborate elsewhere, a lone man walked into Megenagna, one of the busiest junctions in Addis Ababa, propped a placard naming the prime minister against a metal railing, and began, entirely by himself, to protest. He carried no weapon and led no movement. He was, in the most literal sense, a single empirical citizen declining to be added into the collective dream. Within minutes, by the same account, police who were in the area seized him and took him to a station; no official explanation had been offered by the time the footage circulated. The Tribune records the episode as reported by a single outlet, not independently confirmed. But mark its grammar: in a polity organised around a vision of who the people ought to be, the man who stands in public and says <em>I am not well, and you have failed me</em> is not answered and is not argued with. He is cleared, like rubble, from the frame.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">The two jaws have closed. The bait has done its work. And so we come to the only question that finally matters, the one Curtis asks and, with characteristic bleakness, refuses to answer. Is there a way out of the trap? Is there any idea of freedom left to us that is not modelled on suspicion, not delivered by vanguard, not counted by the state or imposed by the dream? To answer — or at least to refuse despair honestly — we must leave the British filmmaker behind, and turn to two men he never mentions: an Indian economist who spent his life measuring freedom differently, and an Ethiopian novelist who was murdered for telling the truth about a dream.</p>
<h2 style="color: #B8860B; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif; font-size: 1.15em; letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase; margin: 2.2em 0 0.7em; border-bottom: 1px solid #B8860B; padding-bottom: 0.3em">Sources</h2>
<p style="margin: 0 0 0.7em; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.55; color: #333"><strong style="color: #7A0C0C">The two freedoms.</strong> Isaiah Berlin, “Two Concepts of Liberty” (1958); Jean-Jacques Rousseau, <em>The Social Contract</em> (1762); Adam Curtis, <em>The Trap</em>, Part 3, <em>We Will Force You To Be Free</em> (BBC, 2007).</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 0.7em; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.55; color: #333"><strong style="color: #7A0C0C">The dream in office.</strong> Dissolution of the EPRDF and formation of the Prosperity Party (2019); Abiy Ahmed, <em>Medemer</em> (2019).</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 0.7em; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.55; color: #333"><strong style="color: #7A0C0C">The bulldozer.</strong> The Corridor Development programme (Addis Ababa from 2022; later phases in Adama, Hawassa, Dire Dawa and elsewhere). Displacement and compensation as reported by human-rights organisations and international media; figures stated here as reported, not as independently confirmed by the Tribune, and to be attributed to named monitors at production. The Entoto national-palace project and its reported c. US$10bn cost likewise to be attributed as reported.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 0.7em; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.55; color: #333"><strong style="color: #7A0C0C">A necessary caution.</strong> References to the conflicts in Tigray, Amhara and Oromia are illustrative of a political logic and are deliberately not quantified here; casualty and displacement figures, where used, must be sourced individually. The reported lone protest at Megenagna (16 Nehase 2018 / 22 August 2026) is sourced to a single video report by Bisrat Media; the Tribune found no corroborating report and no official police statement, and presents it as reported by a single outlet, not independently confirmed.</p>
<p style="margin-top: 2.4em; padding-top: 1em; border-top: 1px solid #B8860B; font-size: 0.8em; color: #888; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.05em">THE TRAP · PART IV OF V · THE ETHIOPIAN TRIBUNE</p>
</article>


		<div class=" twp-social-share  booster-clear">

						    <header class="twp-plugin-title twp-share-title">
			        <h2>Share</h2>
			    </header>
			
		    <div class="twp-share-container">
				<div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-facebook">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-bait-is-the-dream/'); "  href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-bait-is-the-dream/" >
			                                <span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>												<span class="twp-share-media">

													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M22.675 0h-21.35c-.732 0-1.325.593-1.325 1.325v21.351c0 .731.593 1.324 1.325 1.324h11.495v-9.294h-3.128v-3.622h3.128v-2.671c0-3.1 1.893-4.788 4.659-4.788 1.325 0 2.463.099 2.795.143v3.24l-1.918.001c-1.504 0-1.795.715-1.795 1.763v2.313h3.587l-.467 3.622h-3.12v9.293h6.116c.73 0 1.323-.593 1.323-1.325v-21.35c0-.732-.593-1.325-1.325-1.325z" /></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Facebook				                                        </span>
				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-twitter">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=The%20Bait%20Is%20the%20Dream&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-bait-is-the-dream/'); "  href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=The%20Bait%20Is%20the%20Dream&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-bait-is-the-dream/" >
			                                <span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>												<span class="twp-share-media">
													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z"></path></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Twitter				                                        </span>
												    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-pinterest">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow" href="javascript:twp_be_pinterest()">
											<span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>				                                <span class="twp-share-media">
													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M12.289,2C6.617,2,3.606,5.648,3.606,9.622c0,1.846,1.025,4.146,2.666,4.878c0.25,0.111,0.381,0.063,0.439-0.169 c0.044-0.175,0.267-1.029,0.365-1.428c0.032-0.128,0.017-0.237-0.091-0.362C6.445,11.911,6.01,10.75,6.01,9.668 c0-2.777,2.194-5.464,5.933-5.464c3.23,0,5.49,2.108,5.49,5.122c0,3.407-1.794,5.768-4.13,5.768c-1.291,0-2.257-1.021-1.948-2.277 c0.372-1.495,1.089-3.112,1.089-4.191c0-0.967-0.542-1.775-1.663-1.775c-1.319,0-2.379,1.309-2.379,3.059 c0,1.115,0.394,1.869,0.394,1.869s-1.302,5.279-1.54,6.261c-0.405,1.666,0.053,4.368,0.094,4.604 c0.021,0.126,0.167,0.169,0.25,0.063c0.129-0.165,1.699-2.419,2.142-4.051c0.158-0.59,0.817-2.995,0.817-2.995 c0.43,0.784,1.681,1.446,3.013,1.446c3.963,0,6.822-3.494,6.822-7.833C20.394,5.112,16.849,2,12.289,2"></path></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Pinterest				                                        </span>
				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-linkedin">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;title=The%20Bait%20Is%20the%20Dream&#038;url=http://opensharecount.com/count.json?url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-bait-is-the-dream/'); "  href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;title=The%20Bait%20Is%20the%20Dream&#038;url=http://opensharecount.com/count.json?url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-bait-is-the-dream/" >
																							<span class="twp-share-media">
				                                    <span class="share-media-nocount">
													    <svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19.7,3H4.3C3.582,3,3,3.582,3,4.3v15.4C3,20.418,3.582,21,4.3,21h15.4c0.718,0,1.3-0.582,1.3-1.3V4.3 C21,3.582,20.418,3,19.7,3z M8.339,18.338H5.667v-8.59h2.672V18.338z M7.004,8.574c-0.857,0-1.549-0.694-1.549-1.548 c0-0.855,0.691-1.548,1.549-1.548c0.854,0,1.547,0.694,1.547,1.548C8.551,7.881,7.858,8.574,7.004,8.574z M18.339,18.338h-2.669 v-4.177c0-0.996-0.017-2.278-1.387-2.278c-1.389,0-1.601,1.086-1.601,2.206v4.249h-2.667v-8.59h2.559v1.174h0.037 c0.356-0.675,1.227-1.387,2.526-1.387c2.703,0,3.203,1.779,3.203,4.092V18.338z"></path></svg>				                                    </span>
													<span class="twp-share-label twp-label-title">
				                                        LinkedIn				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
										</div>			</div>
		</div>

	            
            <div class="booster-block booster-author-block">
                <div class="be-author-details layout-square align-left">
                    <div class="be-author-wrapper">
                        <div class="booster-row">
                            <div class="booster-column booster-column-two booster-column-mobile">
                                <div class="be-author-image">
                                    <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a73c21d089723d10d1cbbbb9a3701985f832ae3401b74502eccdb093baa89da9?s=400&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a73c21d089723d10d1cbbbb9a3701985f832ae3401b74502eccdb093baa89da9?s=800&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-400 photo avatar-img" height="400" width="400" />                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="booster-column booster-column-eight booster-column-mobile">
                                <div class="author-details">
                                                                            <header class="twp-plugin-title twp-author-title">
                                            <h2>About Post Author</h2>
                                        </header>
                                                                        <h4 class="be-author-meta be-author-name">
                                        <a href="https://ethiopiantribune.com/author/admin/" class="booster-url-link">
                                            Ethiopian Tribune editor                                        </a>
                                    </h4>
                                                                                                                <div class="be-author-meta be-author-email">
                                            <a href="mailto: editor@ethiopiantribune.com" class="booster-url-link">
                                                <span class="booster-svg-icon booster-svg-envelope"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 3v18h24v-18h-24zm6.623 7.929l-4.623 5.712v-9.458l4.623 3.746zm-4.141-5.929h19.035l-9.517 7.713-9.518-7.713zm5.694 7.188l3.824 3.099 3.83-3.104 5.612 6.817h-18.779l5.513-6.812zm9.208-1.264l4.616-3.741v9.348l-4.616-5.607z" /></svg></span>editor@ethiopiantribune.com                                            </a>
                                        </div>
                                                                                                                <div class="be-author-meta be-author-url">
                                            <a href="https://ethiopiantribune.com" target="_blank" class="booster-url-link">
                                                <span class="booster-svg-icon booster-svg-sphere"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 11.25 1.5 C 5.035156 1.5 0 6.535156 0 12.75 C 0 18.964844 5.035156 24 11.25 24 C 17.464844 24 22.5 18.964844 22.5 12.75 C 22.5 6.535156 17.464844 1.5 11.25 1.5 Z M 17.617188 16.5 C 17.816406 15.550781 17.941406 14.546875 17.984375 13.5 L 20.972656 13.5 C 20.894531 14.535156 20.652344 15.542969 20.253906 16.5 Z M 4.882812 9 C 4.683594 9.949219 4.558594 10.953125 4.515625 12 L 1.527344 12 C 1.605469 10.964844 1.847656 9.957031 2.246094 9 Z M 16.078125 9 C 16.304688 9.960938 16.441406 10.964844 16.484375 12 L 12 12 L 12 9 Z M 12 7.5 L 12 3.109375 C 12.34375 3.210938 12.679688 3.375 13.011719 3.609375 C 13.636719 4.050781 14.230469 4.726562 14.738281 5.566406 C 15.085938 6.148438 15.386719 6.796875 15.640625 7.5 Z M 7.761719 5.566406 C 8.269531 4.726562 8.863281 4.050781 9.488281 3.609375 C 9.820312 3.375 10.15625 3.207031 10.5 3.109375 L 10.5 7.5 L 6.859375 7.5 C 7.113281 6.792969 7.414062 6.148438 7.761719 5.566406 Z M 10.5 9 L 10.5 12 L 6.015625 12 C 6.058594 10.964844 6.195312 9.960938 6.421875 9 Z M 2.246094 16.5 C 1.847656 15.542969 1.605469 14.535156 1.527344 13.5 L 4.515625 13.5 C 4.558594 14.546875 4.683594 15.550781 4.882812 16.5 Z M 6.015625 13.5 L 10.5 13.5 L 10.5 16.5 L 6.421875 16.5 C 6.195312 15.539062 6.058594 14.535156 6.015625 13.5 Z M 10.5 18 L 10.5 22.390625 C 10.15625 22.289062 9.820312 22.125 9.488281 21.890625 C 8.863281 21.449219 8.269531 20.773438 7.761719 19.933594 C 7.414062 19.351562 7.113281 18.703125 6.859375 18 Z M 14.738281 19.933594 C 14.230469 20.773438 13.636719 21.449219 13.011719 21.890625 C 12.679688 22.125 12.34375 22.292969 12 22.390625 L 12 18 L 15.640625 18 C 15.386719 18.707031 15.085938 19.351562 14.738281 19.933594 Z M 12 16.5 L 12 13.5 L 16.484375 13.5 C 16.441406 14.535156 16.304688 15.539062 16.078125 16.5 Z M 17.984375 12 C 17.945312 10.953125 17.816406 9.949219 17.617188 9 L 20.253906 9 C 20.652344 9.957031 20.894531 10.964844 20.972656 12 Z M 19.46875 7.5 L 17.222656 7.5 C 16.785156 6.121094 16.179688 4.914062 15.457031 3.949219 C 16.453125 4.429688 17.355469 5.066406 18.144531 5.855469 C 18.648438 6.359375 19.089844 6.910156 19.46875 7.5 Z M 4.355469 5.855469 C 5.144531 5.066406 6.046875 4.429688 7.042969 3.949219 C 6.320312 4.914062 5.714844 6.121094 5.277344 7.5 L 3.03125 7.5 C 3.410156 6.910156 3.851562 6.359375 4.355469 5.855469 Z M 3.03125 18 L 5.277344 18 C 5.714844 19.378906 6.320312 20.585938 7.042969 21.550781 C 6.046875 21.070312 5.144531 20.433594 4.355469 19.644531 C 3.851562 19.140625 3.410156 18.589844 3.03125 18 Z M 18.144531 19.644531 C 17.355469 20.433594 16.453125 21.070312 15.457031 21.550781 C 16.179688 20.585938 16.785156 19.378906 17.222656 18 L 19.46875 18 C 19.089844 18.589844 18.648438 19.140625 18.144531 19.644531 Z M 18.144531 19.644531 " /></svg></span>https://ethiopiantribune.com                                            </a>
                                        </div>
                                                                                                        </div>
                                <div class="be-author-profiles">
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
                    <div class="booster-block booster-reactions-block">
            <div class="twp-reactions-icons">
                
                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-1" post-id="5049" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/happy.svg" alt="Happy">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Happy                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                        
                                                <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-2" post-id="5049" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/sad.svg" alt="Sad">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Sad                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-3" post-id="5049" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/excited.svg" alt="Excited">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Excited                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-6" post-id="5049" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/sleepy.svg" alt="Sleepy">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Sleepy                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                        
                                                <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-4" post-id="5049" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/angry.svg" alt="Angry">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">Angry</div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                        
                    </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-5" post-id="5049" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/surprise.svg" alt="Surprise">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">Surprise</div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">1</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>100</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

            </div>
        </div>

    ]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-bait-is-the-dream/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">5049</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>የእስር ቤቱ በሮች በተከፈቱ ጊዜ</title>
		<link>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%8a%a5%e1%88%b5%e1%88%ad-%e1%89%a4%e1%89%b1-%e1%89%a0%e1%88%ae%e1%89%bd-%e1%89%a0%e1%89%b0%e1%8a%a8%e1%8d%88%e1%89%b1-%e1%8c%8a%e1%8b%9c/</link>
					<comments>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%8a%a5%e1%88%b5%e1%88%ad-%e1%89%a4%e1%89%b1-%e1%89%a0%e1%88%ae%e1%89%bd-%e1%89%a0%e1%89%b0%e1%8a%a8%e1%8d%88%e1%89%b1-%e1%8c%8a%e1%8b%9c/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ethiopian Tribune editor]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 28 Aug 2026 08:17:02 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[ማህበራዊ ጉዳዮች]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ዘገባዎች በአማርኛ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ኢትዮጵያ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ኢትዮጵያን ትሪቢውን]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ethiopiantribune.com/?p=5062</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[የእስር ቤቱ በሮች በተከፈቱ ጊዜ — ዘ ኢትዮጵያን ትሪቢዩን ወጥመዱ — የኢትዮጵያ የነጻነት ሕልማችን ምን...]]></description>
			
			<div class="twp-like-dislike-button twp-like-dislike-thumb">

				
				<span data-id="5062" id="twp-post-like" class="twp-post-like-dislike can-like">
		            <img src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/thumbs-up.svg" />		        </span>

				<span class="twp-like-count">
		            0		        </span>

				
				<span data-id="5062" id="twp-post-dislike" class="twp-post-like-dislike can-dislike ">
		            <img src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/thumbs-down.svg" />		            
		        </span>

				<span class="twp-dislike-count">
		            0		        </span>

			</div>

									<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='booster-block booster-read-block'>
                <div class="twp-read-time">
                	<i class="booster-icon twp-clock"></i> <span>Read Time:</span>5 Minute, 54 Second                </div>

            </div><p><!DOCTYPE html><html lang="am"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><br />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><br />
<title>የእስር ቤቱ በሮች በተከፈቱ ጊዜ — ዘ ኢትዮጵያን ትሪቢዩን</title></head><br />
<body style="margin:0;background:#faf8f4;"></p>
<article style="max-width:44em;margin:0 auto;padding:2.4em 1.3em 3.4em;font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;background:#fffdf9;">
<div style="letter-spacing:0.06em;font-size:0.78em;color:#B8860B;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:0.5em;">ወጥመዱ — የኢትዮጵያ የነጻነት ሕልማችን ምን ሆነ</div>
<div style="letter-spacing:0.1em;font-size:0.78em;color:#7A0C0C;margin-bottom:1.1em;">ክፍል ፩ ከ፭</div>
<h1 style="font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;font-size:2.3em;line-height:1.25;color:#7A0C0C;margin:0 0 0.35em;font-weight:700;">የእስር ቤቱ በሮች በተከፈቱ ጊዜ</h1>
<p style="font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;font-size:1.2em;color:#B8860B;margin:0 0 1.2em;line-height:1.5;">የኢትዮጵያ የነጻነት ሕልም፣ እና በስጦታው ውስጥ የታጠፈው ማሽን</p>
<p style="font-size:0.85em;color:#555;border-top:1px solid #ddd;border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;padding:0.6em 0;margin:0 0 1.8em;">በ<strong>ኢ. ፍራሺ</strong> &nbsp;·&nbsp; ዘ ኢትዮጵያን ትሪቢዩን</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;"><span style="float:left;font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;font-size:3.6em;line-height:0.9;font-weight:700;color:#7A0C0C;padding:0.02em 0.12em 0 0;;">በ</span>2010 ዓ.ም. ጸደይ ላይ የእስር ቤቱ በሮች ተከፈቱ፤ ለአንዲት ወቅትም ኢትዮጵያ ከራሷ ታሪክ ወጥታ የወጣች መስሎ ማመን ተችሎ ነበር። ብልጭ ብለው ወደ ብርሃኑ ወጡ — ጋዜጠኞቹ፣ ጦማሪዎቹ፣ በተቃውሞ ሐሳብ ስም ‹አሸባሪ› ተብለው ተፈርጀው የነበሩ የተቃዋሚ ፖለቲከኞች። ስደተኞቹ የመመለሻ በረራቸውን ያዙ። ከወሰን ውጭ ተፈርጀው የነበሩ የትጥቅ ንቅናቄዎች — የኦሮሞ ነጻነት ግንባር፣ ግንቦት 7፣ የኦጋዴን ብሔራዊ ነጻነት ግንባር — ከሽብር ዝርዝሩ ተሰርዘው ወደ ፖለቲካው መድረክ ተጋበዙ። አዲሱ ጠቅላይ ሚኒስትር ዐቢይ አህመድ በሕይወት ዘመናቸው ሕዝቡ ከገዥዎቹ ሰምቶ የማያውቀውን ቋንቋ ተናገሩ፤ ይቅርታ፣ እርቅ፣ የመንግሥትን ጡጫ ሆን ብሎ መፍታት። በሐምሌ ወር ደግሞ ከአፍሪካ ረጅሙ የቀዝቃዛ ጦርነት አንዱ ከነበረው ግንባር ተሻግረው ከኤርትራ ጋር ሰላም አወረዱ፤ የአስመራን ድምጽ ዳግም ሳይሰሙ እንደሚሞቱ ገምተው የነበሩ ሰዎችም ለሃያ ዓመታት ሙተው በነበሩ የስልክ መስመሮች ላይ አነቡ።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">የዚያን ተስፋ ፍጥነት ለአፍታ ማሰላሰሉ ተገቢ ነው፤ ምክንያቱም ፍጥነት ራሱ ወጥመድ ከሚሠራበት መንገድ አንዱ ነው። በጥቂት ወራት ውስጥ አንድ ቃል ከስሜቱ ጋር ተጣበቀ — ግማሽ በምጸት የተቀላቀለ ‹የዐቢይ ማኒያ› (Abiymania) የተሰኘ ስሜት። በዋሽንግተን ካፌዎችና በፍራንክፈርት ከተሞች ለአስርት ዓመታት መንግሥትን ሲታገል የኖረው ዲያስፖራም የመመለሻ ትኬቱን መቁረጥ ጀመረ። በስደት አርጅተው እንደሚሞቱ ገምተው የነበሩ ወንዶችና ሴቶች በቦሌ የመግቢያ አዳራሽ ቆመው አነቡ። የደኅንነት መንግሥቱን የተዘጋ ጡጫ ብቻ አውቆ ያደገ ትውልድ ሙሉ፣ ነገ ያለ ማስጠንቀቂያ ቀድሞ የመጣ መስሎት አሰበ። ይህ ከመንግሥት ለውጥ ይልቅ የዘመን ለውጥ ነው የመሰለው — እናም አንድ ሕዝብ እጅግ ክፍት፣ እጅግ ታማኝ፣ እንደገና ለመቀረጽ እጅግ ፈቃደኛ በሆነበት እንዲህ ባለ ቅጽበት ነው፣ ስለ ማንነቱና እንዴት መገዛት እንዳለበት ያሉት ጥልቅ ግምቶች ሳይመረመሩ ውስጥ የሚሾልኩት።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">ይህ ተከታታይ ጽሑፍ ማዕቀፉን የወሰደው ከእንግሊዛዊው ዘጋቢ ፊልም ሠሪ አዳም ከርቲስ (Adam Curtis)፣ በተለይም ከ2007 የቢቢሲ ፊልሙ «ዘ ትራፕ፦ የነጻነት ሕልማችን ምን ሆነ» (The Trap: What Happened to Our Dream of Freedom) ነው። ከርቲስ ለአራት አስርት ዓመታት አንድ የሚያስጨንቅ ሙግት ሲያራምድ ኖሯል፤ ማለትም ዘመናዊ ማኅበረሰቦችን የሚገዙት በግልጽ ኃይል ሳይሆን ስለ ሰው ተፈጥሮ በሚነገሩ ታሪኮች — አንድ ሰው በመሠረቱ ምን እንደሆነ የሚያሳዩ ቀለል ያሉ፣ ብዙ ጊዜም ጨለምተኛ ሞዴሎች — አማካይነት ነው፤ እነዚህ ሞዴሎችም ከፊላዊና በእንግዳ ስፍራዎች የተወለዱ ቢሆኑም ከተሠሩባቸው የጥናት ክፍሎች አምልጠው ዓለምን በራሳቸው አምሳል ቀርጸው በመጨረሻ እንደ ወጥመድ በዙሪያችን ይዘጋሉ የሚል ነው። በቀደሙት ፊልሞቹ — «ዘ ሴንቸሪ ኦፍ ዘ ሴልፍ» (2002)፣ የፍሮይድ ሐሳቦች ወደ ሸማች ማግባቢያ ማሽን እንዴት እንደተቀየሩ የሚዳስስ፤ እና «ዘ ፓወር ኦፍ ናይትሜርስ» (2004)፣ በኒዮ-ወግ አጥባቂዎችና በእስላሚስቶች የመስተዋት ቅዠቶች ላይ — ዘዴውን ለምዶ ነበር። «ዘ ትራፕ» በሦስት ክፍሎች የተከፈለው፣ ቅን የነጻነት እሳቤ በ20ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን ማብቂያ እንዴት ወደ አዲስና ረቀቅ ያለ የቁጥጥር ሥርዓት እንደተለወጠ ለማስረዳት ያደረገው እጅግ የተስተካከለ ሙከራ ነው።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">ይህ ፊልም በ2018 (እ.ኤ.አ.) ከአዲስ አበባ ሆኖ ለመመልከት የሚገባ ነው፤ ምክንያቱም ሙግቱን በተጨመቀ ፍጥነት ኖረነዋልና። ከርቲስ ሙግቱን የሚገነባው ፈላስፋው አይዛያ በርሊን (Isaiah Berlin) ባደረገው ልዩነት ላይ ነው — ይህ ተከታታይ ጽሑፍም በዝርዝር ወደ እርሱ ይመለሳል፦ ከጣልቃ ገብነት ነጻ የመሆን ነጻነትና እውነተኛ ራስን ለመሆን የመቻል ነጻነት መካከል ያለው ልዩነት። የከርቲስ ጨለምተኛ ጥቆማ ሁለቱም በዘመናዊው መንግሥት ማሽን ውስጥ ካለፉ በኋላ ወደ ማጎሪያ ቤት ይለወጣሉ የሚል ነው — የመጀመሪያው ወደ ገበያ የተቀየረ ብቸኝነት፣ ሁለተኛው ደግሞ ለማስገደድ ፈቃድ። ይህን ታላቅ ድፍረት ያለው ሙግት በራሳችን ሁኔታ ላይ ከመፈተናችን በፊት፣ በ2010 ዓ.ም. የኢትዮጵያ ጸደይ ውስጥ ተቀምጠን በዚያን ጊዜ ማንም ያልጠየቀውን ጥያቄ መጠየቅ አለብን። ነጻነቱ እውነተኛ ነበር ወይ የሚል ሳይሆን — እውነተኛ ነበርና — ይልቁንም በስጦታው ውስጥ በጸጥታ የታጠፈው የራሳችን ምን ዓይነት ሞዴል፣ ኢትዮጵያውያን እነማን እንደሆኑና እንዴት እንደሚያደርጉ የሚያሳይ ምን ዓይነት ሥዕል ነው የሚል።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">ምክንያቱም ስለዚያ ጸደይ ያላየነው ነገር ይህ ነው፤ የነጻነትን ስጦታ አፉን ማን ይመረምራል? የተከፈተ እያንዳንዱ በር ማሽንም ነበር። ስደተኛ ታጋዮችን ወደ ቤት ያስመለሰው ያው ምሕረት፣ የቆዩ ቅሬታዎችም ወደ ቤት እንዲመለሱ፣ ራሳቸውን እንዲያስታውሱ፣ የካሳ ፍለጋም እንዲንቀሳቀሱ አደረገ። ፓርቲዎችን ከእገዳ ያወጣውና ፕሬሱን ነጻ ያደረገው ያው መከፈት፣ በፌዴሬሽኑ ውስጥ ያለ እያንዳንዱ ሕዝብ — በመጨረሻ ጮክ ብሎ፣ ያለ ቅጣት — በአዲሱ ሥርዓት ውስጥ በትክክል ምን እንደሚያተርፍና ምን እንደሚያጣ እንዲያሰላ ጋበዘ። የመናገር ነጻነት፣ ከብዙ ክቡር ነገሮች ጋር፣ የማነሳሳት ነጻነትም ሆነ። መንግሥት እጁን ከሚዛኑ ላይ ማንሳቱ ክብደት የሌለው ሚዛን አላመጣም። ሽሚያ አመጣ እንጂ።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">ውጤቶቹ በዓሉ ከመድበዘዙ ፈጥነው መጡ። በደቡብ ብሔሮችና በኦሮሚያ ወሰን ላይ፣ በጌዲኦና በምዕራብ ጉጂ፣ ለትውልዶች ተቀላቅለው ኖረው የነበሩ ማኅበረሰቦች እርስ በርስ ተነሱ፤ በመቶ ሺዎች የሚቆጠሩም ተሰደዱ። የውስጥ መፈናቀል ክትትል ማዕከል (Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre) እንደገለጸው፣ ኢትዮጵያ በ2018 ዓመት ውስጥ በዓለም ካሉ አገራት ሁሉ ከፍተኛ ከሆኑት አዲስ ግጭት-ነክ የውስጥ መፈናቀል አኃዞች አንዱን መዝግባ ነበር — ይህም መሪው በቀጣዩ ዓመት የኖቤል የሰላም ሽልማት ለሚሸለምበት አገር አሳዛኝ ልዩ ስም ነው። ይህን ማንም በአዲሱ መንግሥት ውስጥ አላዘዘውም። ዋናው ነጥብ ይኸው ነው። ተከተለ እንጂ። የነገሩ ውስጣዊ አመክንዮ ራሱን ሲያሠራ ነበር።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">የትኛው አመክንዮ? ይህ ከዚህ ወዲያ የሚመጣው ሁሉ ጭብጥ ነው፤ አንባቢው ሙሉውን በዓይነ ሕሊናው እንዲይዝም የሙግቱን ቅርጽ ገና በመነሻው መግለጹ ተገቢ ነው። ኢትዮጵያ በ2010 ዓ.ም. ከወጥመድ አልወጣችም። ይልቁንም ከትውልድ በፊት፣ በበጎ ሐሳብ ወደ ተዘረጋ ወጥመድ ውስጥ ገባች — የበሮቹ መከፈትም ማምለጫ ሳይሆን የማሽኑ መፈታት ነበር። በሚቀጥሉት ክፍሎች የዚያን ማሽን ሦስት መንጋጋዎች እንከታተላለን። አንደኛ፣ የአገሪቱን እያንዳንዱን ሕዝብ እንደ ተጠራጣሪና አስሊ ተዋናይ የሚቀርጽ፣ በጸጥታም አለመተማመንን የሚሸልም ሕገ መንግሥት — የክፍል ፪ ጭብጥ። ሁለተኛ፣ ከዜጎቹ ኑሮ እውነታ ይልቅ የራሱን ቁጥሮች የሚያምን፣ ሰውንም ወደ አንድ የመረጃ ነጥብ የሚያጨመቅ የአገዛዝ ዘይቤ — ክፍል ፫። ሦስተኛ፣ እጅግ ውብና እጅግ ሁሉን አቀፍ በመሆኑ ቡልዶዘሩን የሚፈቅድና ማፍረሱን ነጻነት የሚል የአገራዊ ብልጽግና ሕልም — ክፍል ፬። በአምስተኛውና በመጨረሻው ክፍል ደግሞ ጨርሶ መውጫ መንገድ ይኖር እንደሆነ እንጠይቃለን።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">እንዲህ ባለ ሙግት ውስጥ ገና ከመጀመሪያው ገጽ ጀምሮ ስሙ ተጠርቶ ሊገታ የሚገባ አንድ ፈተና አለ፤ ይህም ራሱ ከርቲስ አንዳንዴ የሚሸነፍለት ፈተና ነው። የሁሉን አቀፍ ማብራሪያ ፈተና ነው — ሁሉንም ነገር የሚያስረዳ፣ እያንዳንዱን ሞት ወደ ንድፈ ሐሳብ የመረጃ ነጥብ የሚቀይር፣ እያንዳንዱን ተዋናይ የአንድ መዋቅር አሻንጉሊት የሚያደርግ ብቸኛ የተደበቀ ማሽን። ያ መንገድ ወደ መጥፎ ታሪክም ወደ መጥፎ እምነትም ይመራል። ኢትዮጵያን የሚገዙት ወንዶችና ሴቶች የቀዝቃዛ ጦርነት ቀመር አቅመ ቢስ አሻንጉሊቶች አይደሉም፤ እንዲያ አድርጎ ማቅረብም ኃያል ሰው ሊቀበለው የሚችለውን ታላቅ ስጦታ መስጠት ነው፦ ምንም ነገር ምርጫ አልነበረም የሚል ሰበብ። ይህ ተከታታይ ጽሑፍ ወጥመዱን እንደ ማጉያ (lens) ይጠቀማል እንጂ እንደ ሃይማኖት አይደለም። መዋቅሩ አንዳንድ ምርጫዎች ለምን እንደሳቡ፣ መተማመን በመዋቅሩ ለምን ደካማ እንደሆነ፣ የተከፈቱት በሮች ያስገቡትን ለምን እንዳስገቡ ያስረዳል። ግን የመረጡትን ሰዎች ኃላፊነት አያቀልጥም።</p>
<blockquote style="border-top:2px solid #7A0C0C;border-bottom:2px solid #7A0C0C;color:#7A0C0C;font-size:1.3em;line-height:1.7;text-align:center;max-width:34em;margin:1.8em auto;padding:0.7em 0.5em;font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;"><p>ቅዠቱ ነጻነቱ እውነተኛ ነበር የሚል አልነበረም። እውነተኛ ነበር። ቅዠቱ ነጻነት፣ ከላይ አንዴ ከተሰጠ በኋላ፣ ራሱን ይጠብቃል የሚል ነበር።</p></blockquote>
<p style="margin:0 0 1.15em;font-size:1.12em;line-height:1.85;text-align:justify;color:#1A1A1A;">እንግዲያውስ ሕልሙ ከጀመረበት እንጀምር፤ በታማኝነትም እናስታውሰው። እስረኞቹ ነጻ ወጡ። ወደ አስመራ የሚደወሉ ስልኮች ከሃያ ዓመታት ጸጥታ በኋላ ጮኹ። አንድ መሪ በሕዝቡ ፊት ቆሞ ስለ ፍቅር ተናገረ — መደመር — ከልቡም ተናገረው፣ ሕዝቡም አመነው፣ ለቅጽበትም ያ እምነት የራሱ ዓይነት እውነት ነበር። ይህ ተከታታይ ጽሑፍ የሚበሳው ቅዠት ይህ አይደለም። ቅዠቱ ይበልጥ ረቂቅና ይበልጥ አሳዛኝ ነበር፦ አንድ አገር ነጻነቷን እንደ ተጠናቀቀ ስጦታ ተቀብላ፣ በሕመምና በራሷ ማሽን እሸት ላይ፣ ከታች ሆና መገንባት ሳያስፈልጋት ትኖራለች የሚል እምነት ነበር። የከርቲስ ፊልም እዚህ ጋር ምስሉን ያቆም ነበር — በክፉ ሰው ፊት ላይ ሳይሆን፣ በሚከፈት በር ላይ፣ እና ማንም ያልጋበዘውና አሁን ማንም ሊመልሰው የማይችለው ነገር በዚያ በር ውስጥ ሲገባ። በ2010 ዓ.ም. ጸደይ በሩን ከፈትን። በሚቀጥለው ክፍል ወደ ከፈተው ክፍል እንዞራለን — እና በሌላኛው ወገን በትዕግሥት ሲጠብቅ ወደ ነበረው መሥራች ሰነድ።</p>
<h2 style="color:#B8860B;font-family:'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic','Noto Serif Ethiopic',serif;font-size:1.15em;letter-spacing:0.04em;margin:2.2em 0 0.7em;border-bottom:1px solid #B8860B;padding-bottom:0.3em;">ምንጮች</h2>
<p style="margin:0 0 0.7em;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.7;color:#333;"><strong style="color:#7A0C0C;">ፊልሙ።</strong> አዳም ከርቲስ፣ «ዘ ትራፕ፦ የነጻነት ሕልማችን ምን ሆነ» (The Trap, BBC, 2007) በሦስት ክፍሎች። እንዲሁም «ዘ ሴንቸሪ ኦፍ ዘ ሴልፍ» (BBC, 2002) እና «ዘ ፓወር ኦፍ ናይትሜርስ» (BBC, 2004)።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 0.7em;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.7;color:#333;"><strong style="color:#7A0C0C;">የተጠቀሰው ንድፈ ሐሳብ።</strong> አይዛያ በርሊን፣ «ሁለቱ የነጻነት ጽንሰ ሐሳቦች» (Two Concepts of Liberty, 1958)፤ በዚህ ተከታታይ ጽሑፍ ውስጥ ለሚዳበረው በአሉታዊና አዎንታዊ ነጻነት መካከል ላለው ልዩነት።</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 0.7em;font-size:0.95em;line-height:1.7;color:#333;"><strong style="color:#7A0C0C;">የኢትዮጵያ መዝገብ።</strong> የ2010 ዓ.ም. ማሻሻያዎች (የእስረኞች መፈታት፤ የኦነግ፣ ግንቦት 7 እና የኦብነግ ከሽብር ዝርዝር መሰረዝ፤ የሐምሌ 2010 ከኤርትራ ጋር የተደረገ ዕርቅ) እና የ2011 ዓ.ም. የኖቤል የሰላም ሽልማት የሕዝብ መዝገብ ጉዳዮች ናቸው። የ2018 የመፈናቀል አኃዞች በውስጥ መፈናቀል ክትትል ማዕከል (IDMC) መሠረት፤ በዝግጅት ወቅት ወደ ተለየው የ IDMC አኃዝ ይጠቀሳል።</p>
<p style="margin-top:2.4em;padding-top:1em;border-top:1px solid #B8860B;font-size:0.82em;color:#888;text-align:center;">ወጥመዱ · ክፍል ፩ ከ፭ · ዘ ኢትዮጵያን ትሪቢዩን</p>
</article>
<p></body></html></p>


		<div class=" twp-social-share  booster-clear">

						    <header class="twp-plugin-title twp-share-title">
			        <h2>Share</h2>
			    </header>
			
		    <div class="twp-share-container">
				<div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-facebook">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%8a%a5%e1%88%b5%e1%88%ad-%e1%89%a4%e1%89%b1-%e1%89%a0%e1%88%ae%e1%89%bd-%e1%89%a0%e1%89%b0%e1%8a%a8%e1%8d%88%e1%89%b1-%e1%8c%8a%e1%8b%9c/'); "  href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%8a%a5%e1%88%b5%e1%88%ad-%e1%89%a4%e1%89%b1-%e1%89%a0%e1%88%ae%e1%89%bd-%e1%89%a0%e1%89%b0%e1%8a%a8%e1%8d%88%e1%89%b1-%e1%8c%8a%e1%8b%9c/" >
			                                <span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>												<span class="twp-share-media">

													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M22.675 0h-21.35c-.732 0-1.325.593-1.325 1.325v21.351c0 .731.593 1.324 1.325 1.324h11.495v-9.294h-3.128v-3.622h3.128v-2.671c0-3.1 1.893-4.788 4.659-4.788 1.325 0 2.463.099 2.795.143v3.24l-1.918.001c-1.504 0-1.795.715-1.795 1.763v2.313h3.587l-.467 3.622h-3.12v9.293h6.116c.73 0 1.323-.593 1.323-1.325v-21.35c0-.732-.593-1.325-1.325-1.325z" /></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Facebook				                                        </span>
				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-twitter">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=የእስር%20ቤቱ%20በሮች%20በተከፈቱ%20ጊዜ&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%8a%a5%e1%88%b5%e1%88%ad-%e1%89%a4%e1%89%b1-%e1%89%a0%e1%88%ae%e1%89%bd-%e1%89%a0%e1%89%b0%e1%8a%a8%e1%8d%88%e1%89%b1-%e1%8c%8a%e1%8b%9c/'); "  href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=የእስር%20ቤቱ%20በሮች%20በተከፈቱ%20ጊዜ&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%8a%a5%e1%88%b5%e1%88%ad-%e1%89%a4%e1%89%b1-%e1%89%a0%e1%88%ae%e1%89%bd-%e1%89%a0%e1%89%b0%e1%8a%a8%e1%8d%88%e1%89%b1-%e1%8c%8a%e1%8b%9c/" >
			                                <span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>												<span class="twp-share-media">
													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z"></path></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Twitter				                                        </span>
												    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-pinterest">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow" href="javascript:twp_be_pinterest()">
											<span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>				                                <span class="twp-share-media">
													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M12.289,2C6.617,2,3.606,5.648,3.606,9.622c0,1.846,1.025,4.146,2.666,4.878c0.25,0.111,0.381,0.063,0.439-0.169 c0.044-0.175,0.267-1.029,0.365-1.428c0.032-0.128,0.017-0.237-0.091-0.362C6.445,11.911,6.01,10.75,6.01,9.668 c0-2.777,2.194-5.464,5.933-5.464c3.23,0,5.49,2.108,5.49,5.122c0,3.407-1.794,5.768-4.13,5.768c-1.291,0-2.257-1.021-1.948-2.277 c0.372-1.495,1.089-3.112,1.089-4.191c0-0.967-0.542-1.775-1.663-1.775c-1.319,0-2.379,1.309-2.379,3.059 c0,1.115,0.394,1.869,0.394,1.869s-1.302,5.279-1.54,6.261c-0.405,1.666,0.053,4.368,0.094,4.604 c0.021,0.126,0.167,0.169,0.25,0.063c0.129-0.165,1.699-2.419,2.142-4.051c0.158-0.59,0.817-2.995,0.817-2.995 c0.43,0.784,1.681,1.446,3.013,1.446c3.963,0,6.822-3.494,6.822-7.833C20.394,5.112,16.849,2,12.289,2"></path></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Pinterest				                                        </span>
				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-linkedin">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;title=የእስር%20ቤቱ%20በሮች%20በተከፈቱ%20ጊዜ&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%8a%a5%e1%88%b5%e1%88%ad-%e1%89%a4%e1%89%b1-%e1%89%a0%e1%88%ae%e1%89%bd-%e1%89%a0%e1%89%b0%e1%8a%a8%e1%8d%88%e1%89%b1-%e1%8c%8a%e1%8b%9c/'); "  href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;title=የእስር%20ቤቱ%20በሮች%20በተከፈቱ%20ጊዜ&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%8a%a5%e1%88%b5%e1%88%ad-%e1%89%a4%e1%89%b1-%e1%89%a0%e1%88%ae%e1%89%bd-%e1%89%a0%e1%89%b0%e1%8a%a8%e1%8d%88%e1%89%b1-%e1%8c%8a%e1%8b%9c/" >
																							<span class="twp-share-media">
				                                    <span class="share-media-nocount">
													    <svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19.7,3H4.3C3.582,3,3,3.582,3,4.3v15.4C3,20.418,3.582,21,4.3,21h15.4c0.718,0,1.3-0.582,1.3-1.3V4.3 C21,3.582,20.418,3,19.7,3z M8.339,18.338H5.667v-8.59h2.672V18.338z M7.004,8.574c-0.857,0-1.549-0.694-1.549-1.548 c0-0.855,0.691-1.548,1.549-1.548c0.854,0,1.547,0.694,1.547,1.548C8.551,7.881,7.858,8.574,7.004,8.574z M18.339,18.338h-2.669 v-4.177c0-0.996-0.017-2.278-1.387-2.278c-1.389,0-1.601,1.086-1.601,2.206v4.249h-2.667v-8.59h2.559v1.174h0.037 c0.356-0.675,1.227-1.387,2.526-1.387c2.703,0,3.203,1.779,3.203,4.092V18.338z"></path></svg>				                                    </span>
													<span class="twp-share-label twp-label-title">
				                                        LinkedIn				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
										</div>			</div>
		</div>

	            
            <div class="booster-block booster-author-block">
                <div class="be-author-details layout-square align-left">
                    <div class="be-author-wrapper">
                        <div class="booster-row">
                            <div class="booster-column booster-column-two booster-column-mobile">
                                <div class="be-author-image">
                                    <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a73c21d089723d10d1cbbbb9a3701985f832ae3401b74502eccdb093baa89da9?s=400&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a73c21d089723d10d1cbbbb9a3701985f832ae3401b74502eccdb093baa89da9?s=800&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-400 photo avatar-img" height="400" width="400" />                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="booster-column booster-column-eight booster-column-mobile">
                                <div class="author-details">
                                                                            <header class="twp-plugin-title twp-author-title">
                                            <h2>About Post Author</h2>
                                        </header>
                                                                        <h4 class="be-author-meta be-author-name">
                                        <a href="https://ethiopiantribune.com/author/admin/" class="booster-url-link">
                                            Ethiopian Tribune editor                                        </a>
                                    </h4>
                                                                                                                <div class="be-author-meta be-author-email">
                                            <a href="mailto: editor@ethiopiantribune.com" class="booster-url-link">
                                                <span class="booster-svg-icon booster-svg-envelope"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 3v18h24v-18h-24zm6.623 7.929l-4.623 5.712v-9.458l4.623 3.746zm-4.141-5.929h19.035l-9.517 7.713-9.518-7.713zm5.694 7.188l3.824 3.099 3.83-3.104 5.612 6.817h-18.779l5.513-6.812zm9.208-1.264l4.616-3.741v9.348l-4.616-5.607z" /></svg></span>editor@ethiopiantribune.com                                            </a>
                                        </div>
                                                                                                                <div class="be-author-meta be-author-url">
                                            <a href="https://ethiopiantribune.com" target="_blank" class="booster-url-link">
                                                <span class="booster-svg-icon booster-svg-sphere"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 11.25 1.5 C 5.035156 1.5 0 6.535156 0 12.75 C 0 18.964844 5.035156 24 11.25 24 C 17.464844 24 22.5 18.964844 22.5 12.75 C 22.5 6.535156 17.464844 1.5 11.25 1.5 Z M 17.617188 16.5 C 17.816406 15.550781 17.941406 14.546875 17.984375 13.5 L 20.972656 13.5 C 20.894531 14.535156 20.652344 15.542969 20.253906 16.5 Z M 4.882812 9 C 4.683594 9.949219 4.558594 10.953125 4.515625 12 L 1.527344 12 C 1.605469 10.964844 1.847656 9.957031 2.246094 9 Z M 16.078125 9 C 16.304688 9.960938 16.441406 10.964844 16.484375 12 L 12 12 L 12 9 Z M 12 7.5 L 12 3.109375 C 12.34375 3.210938 12.679688 3.375 13.011719 3.609375 C 13.636719 4.050781 14.230469 4.726562 14.738281 5.566406 C 15.085938 6.148438 15.386719 6.796875 15.640625 7.5 Z M 7.761719 5.566406 C 8.269531 4.726562 8.863281 4.050781 9.488281 3.609375 C 9.820312 3.375 10.15625 3.207031 10.5 3.109375 L 10.5 7.5 L 6.859375 7.5 C 7.113281 6.792969 7.414062 6.148438 7.761719 5.566406 Z M 10.5 9 L 10.5 12 L 6.015625 12 C 6.058594 10.964844 6.195312 9.960938 6.421875 9 Z M 2.246094 16.5 C 1.847656 15.542969 1.605469 14.535156 1.527344 13.5 L 4.515625 13.5 C 4.558594 14.546875 4.683594 15.550781 4.882812 16.5 Z M 6.015625 13.5 L 10.5 13.5 L 10.5 16.5 L 6.421875 16.5 C 6.195312 15.539062 6.058594 14.535156 6.015625 13.5 Z M 10.5 18 L 10.5 22.390625 C 10.15625 22.289062 9.820312 22.125 9.488281 21.890625 C 8.863281 21.449219 8.269531 20.773438 7.761719 19.933594 C 7.414062 19.351562 7.113281 18.703125 6.859375 18 Z M 14.738281 19.933594 C 14.230469 20.773438 13.636719 21.449219 13.011719 21.890625 C 12.679688 22.125 12.34375 22.292969 12 22.390625 L 12 18 L 15.640625 18 C 15.386719 18.707031 15.085938 19.351562 14.738281 19.933594 Z M 12 16.5 L 12 13.5 L 16.484375 13.5 C 16.441406 14.535156 16.304688 15.539062 16.078125 16.5 Z M 17.984375 12 C 17.945312 10.953125 17.816406 9.949219 17.617188 9 L 20.253906 9 C 20.652344 9.957031 20.894531 10.964844 20.972656 12 Z M 19.46875 7.5 L 17.222656 7.5 C 16.785156 6.121094 16.179688 4.914062 15.457031 3.949219 C 16.453125 4.429688 17.355469 5.066406 18.144531 5.855469 C 18.648438 6.359375 19.089844 6.910156 19.46875 7.5 Z M 4.355469 5.855469 C 5.144531 5.066406 6.046875 4.429688 7.042969 3.949219 C 6.320312 4.914062 5.714844 6.121094 5.277344 7.5 L 3.03125 7.5 C 3.410156 6.910156 3.851562 6.359375 4.355469 5.855469 Z M 3.03125 18 L 5.277344 18 C 5.714844 19.378906 6.320312 20.585938 7.042969 21.550781 C 6.046875 21.070312 5.144531 20.433594 4.355469 19.644531 C 3.851562 19.140625 3.410156 18.589844 3.03125 18 Z M 18.144531 19.644531 C 17.355469 20.433594 16.453125 21.070312 15.457031 21.550781 C 16.179688 20.585938 16.785156 19.378906 17.222656 18 L 19.46875 18 C 19.089844 18.589844 18.648438 19.140625 18.144531 19.644531 Z M 18.144531 19.644531 " /></svg></span>https://ethiopiantribune.com                                            </a>
                                        </div>
                                                                                                        </div>
                                <div class="be-author-profiles">
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
                    <div class="booster-block booster-reactions-block">
            <div class="twp-reactions-icons">
                
                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-1" post-id="5062" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/happy.svg" alt="Happy">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Happy                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                        
                                                <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-2" post-id="5062" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/sad.svg" alt="Sad">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Sad                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-3" post-id="5062" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/excited.svg" alt="Excited">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Excited                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-6" post-id="5062" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/sleepy.svg" alt="Sleepy">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Sleepy                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                        
                                                <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-4" post-id="5062" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/angry.svg" alt="Angry">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">Angry</div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                        
                    </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-5" post-id="5062" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/surprise.svg" alt="Surprise">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">Surprise</div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

            </div>
        </div>

    ]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/%e1%8b%a8%e1%8a%a5%e1%88%b5%e1%88%ad-%e1%89%a4%e1%89%b1-%e1%89%a0%e1%88%ae%e1%89%bd-%e1%89%a0%e1%89%b0%e1%8a%a8%e1%8d%88%e1%89%b1-%e1%8c%8a%e1%8b%9c/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">5062</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Rule of the Number</title>
		<link>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-rule-of-the-number/</link>
					<comments>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-rule-of-the-number/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ethiopian Tribune editor]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 28 Aug 2026 06:10:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[African News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Breaking News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Opinion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sustainability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ማህበራዊ ጉዳዮች]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[#EthiopianTribune]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ethionews]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ethiopia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ethiopian Tribune]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ኢትዮጵያ]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ethiopiantribune.com/?p=5048</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The Rule of the Number — The Ethiopian Tribune THE TRAP — WHAT HAPPENED TO...]]></description>
			
			<div class="twp-like-dislike-button twp-like-dislike-thumb">

				
				<span data-id="5048" id="twp-post-like" class="twp-post-like-dislike can-like">
		            <img src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/thumbs-up.svg" />		        </span>

				<span class="twp-like-count">
		            0		        </span>

				
				<span data-id="5048" id="twp-post-dislike" class="twp-post-like-dislike can-dislike ">
		            <img src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/thumbs-down.svg" />		            
		        </span>

				<span class="twp-dislike-count">
		            0		        </span>

			</div>

									<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='booster-block booster-read-block'>
                <div class="twp-read-time">
                	<i class="booster-icon twp-clock"></i> <span>Read Time:</span>8 Minute, 29 Second                </div>

            </div><p><meta charset="utf-8"><br />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"></p>
<p><title>The Rule of the Number — The Ethiopian Tribune</title></p>
<article style="max-width: 44em; margin: 0 auto; padding: 2.4em 1.3em 3.4em; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif; background: #fffdf9">
<div style="text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.18em; font-size: 0.72em; color: #B8860B; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 0.5em">THE TRAP — WHAT HAPPENED TO OUR ETHIOPIAN DREAM OF FREEDOM</div>
<div style="text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.22em; font-size: 0.7em; color: #7A0C0C; margin-bottom: 1.1em">PART III OF V</div>
<h1 style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif; font-size: 2.5em; line-height: 1.1; color: #7A0C0C; margin: 0 0 0.35em; font-weight: 700">The Rule of the Number</h1>
<p style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif; font-style: italic; font-size: 1.2em; color: #B8860B; margin: 0 0 1.2em; line-height: 1.35">Reform by milestone, and the loneliness of a citizen the state cannot count</p>
<p style="font-size: 0.82em; letter-spacing: 0.05em; color: #555; border-top: 1px solid #ddd; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 0.6em 0; margin: 0 0 1.8em">By <strong>E. Frashie</strong> &nbsp;·&nbsp; The Ethiopian Tribune</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A"><span style="float: left; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif; font-size: 4.4em; line-height: 0.82; font-weight: 700; color: #7A0C0C; padding: 0.02em 0.10em 0 0">T</span>he second jaw of the trap does not announce itself with militias or secession. It arrives wearing a lanyard, carrying a spreadsheet, speaking the reasonable language of reform. It does not want to oppress you. It wants to measure you — and in the measuring, it will quietly decide that the parts of you it cannot count do not exist.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">To see how the number came to rule, we return to the theorists. If game theory gave the Cold War its suspicious citizen, it was public choice theory that turned that same suspicion upon the state itself. The economists James Buchanan and Gordon Tullock, in <em>The Calculus of Consent</em> (1962), performed a single devastating inversion: they took the self-interested maximiser of economic theory and seated him behind the desk of the civil servant. The bureaucrat, on this account, is no selfless steward of the public good; he is a rational actor like any other, maximising his budget, his department, his own security. The politician does not serve; he buys votes. From this followed the whole apparatus of the coming age. Since you cannot trust the servants of the public, you must bind them — strip them of discretion, subject them to incentives, measure their output, and make the state, so far as possible, imitate a market. Judgement was the enemy, because judgement could be corrupt. The number was the solution, because the number could not lie.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">Except that it could, and it did. This is the burden of Curtis’s second episode, <em>The Lonely Robot</em>, which follows the theory into the reconstruction of the British public services and watches it curdle. Governments enthralled by public choice replaced professional discretion with targets — waiting times, exam pass-rates, crime figures, arrest quotas. And human beings, being rather more resourceful than the theory allowed, did exactly what self-interested maximisers do: they gamed them. Ambulances idled outside hospitals so the clock on the four-hour target would not start. Patients were parked on trolleys in corridors reclassified as wards. The figures improved magnificently while the care beneath them rotted. The metric had detached from the mission and floated free, and the managers, trusting the metric, could no longer see the rot — because in the world their instruments described, there was no rot, only green numbers. The system meant to free the citizen from the arrogance of the professional had produced a new and lonelier subjection: to be reduced to the data a stranger collects about you, and to have that data believed over your own testimony of your life. Curtis’s point is not that measurement is wicked but that measurement, once it becomes the whole of governance, hollows out the thing it was meant to serve — and leaves everyone, governor and governed alike, staring at a dashboard instead of at one another.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">Hold that image — the green number floating serenely above the burning reality — and turn to Ethiopia, because we have staged this drama on a national scale, and we have staged it twice.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">The first staging was the developmental state. Meles Zenawi’s doctrine of agriculture-led industrialisation and the successive Growth and Transformation Plans were the planning vanguard in its confident mode: a state that claimed to know the people’s destiny, wrote it into five-year targets, and reported, year upon year, the double-digit growth that proved the plan was working. That those figures came to function as a kind of theology — recited, defended, and quietly disbelieved by everyone who actually bought bread — is now widely conceded even by sympathisers of that era. The planning state trusted its own numbers over its own citizens. It was the first Ethiopian rule of the number.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">The genius of the post-2018 order was to present itself as the escape from that discredited planning — and to install, in its place, the very same worship under a new and more fashionable authorship.</p>
<blockquote style="border-top: 2px solid #7A0C0C; border-bottom: 2px solid #7A0C0C; color: #7A0C0C; font-style: italic; font-size: 1.28em; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center; max-width: 36em; margin: 1.8em auto; padding: 0.7em 0.5em; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif"><p>We did not leave the rule of the number in 2018. We merely changed the hand that held the pen — from the vanguard’s plan to the market’s milestone.</p>
</blockquote>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">The Homegrown Economic Reform Agenda, unveiled in 2019, announced liberation from the dead hand of the developmental state: liberalisation, privatisation, a currency freed to find its “true” value, an economy opened to choice and competition. In the vocabulary of this series, it was a pivot from positive liberty to negative — from the state that plans your prosperity to the market that merely frees you to pursue it. But look at the machinery through which the pivot was actually conducted, and it is public choice theory in its purest institutional form. The reform did not proceed by public deliberation about the kind of country Ethiopians wished to inhabit. It proceeded by milestone: a sequence of prior actions and structural benchmarks agreed with the International Monetary Fund, each a number to be hit to unlock the next disbursement. The floating of the birr in the summer of 2024, undertaken as Ethiopia secured a new IMF programme reported at around 3.4 billion US dollars; the opening of the banking sector to foreign entrants; the partial sale of the state telecom monopoly and the arrival of a foreign-led competitor; and the launch, in early 2025, of a securities exchange in a country where the overwhelming mass of the population has never held a share — these were narrated to us, and to the world, as milestones met. The green numbers turned green on schedule.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">And beneath them, by many accounts, the reality burned much as the theory predicts it must. Independent monitoring and the Fund’s own reviews have recorded inflation running for extended stretches near or above thirty per cent in the years around the float, with the sharp devaluation passing through to the price of imported essentials — cooking oil, fuel, medicine — even as it satisfied the external benchmark. The “true” value the market discovered was true for the balance sheet and punishing for the household. The reform is reported in the register of achievement — targets hit, tranches released, confidence restored — while the lived economy, the one that cannot be entered into a letter of intent, contracts into a daily struggle the instruments are structurally unable to register. This is the loneliness of Curtis’s robot, denominated in birr: to be a person whose actual hunger is invisible to a state that has agreed to trust its metrics over your mouth.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">There is a final turn of the screw, and it is the one that should trouble us most, because it is where the counting becomes literal. The suspicious, measuring state does not merely reduce the citizen to data as a metaphor; it is building the apparatus to do so in fact. The Fayda digital identity programme proposes to render every Ethiopian a unique, biometric, machine-readable entry — enrolled, de-duplicated, verified, a self resolved at last into a number the state can trust because, unlike the human being attached to it, the number cannot dissemble. The same logic runs in reverse in the network shutdowns that digital-rights monitors such as Access Now and NetBlocks have repeatedly documented across restive regions: to govern by subtraction, removing whole populations from the data-space, un-numbering them until they fall quiet. To be counted when the state wishes to see you and erased when it does not — this is the citizen as data point. It is the reductive self of a checklist psychiatry and the “survival machine” of popular genetics, given an administrative body: the person becomes a record, the record becomes the person, and the parts that overflow the boxes — the parts a life is actually made of — are, for the purposes of the state, simply not there.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">Once again the discipline this series owes itself. None of this romanticises the developmental state we came from, nor pretends that a modern economy can be run without measurement, nor that identity systems and stock exchanges are inherently instruments of tyranny — they are not, and a serious accountability journalism must say so plainly. Numbers are not the enemy. The enemy is the substitution — the moment the number stops being a servant that describes the reality and becomes a sovereign that replaces it; the moment the state believes its milestone over its market, and its biometric over its citizen. The economist Amartya Sen, whom we will meet at the end of this argument, spent a career insisting that development is meaningful only as the expansion of real human freedom — of what people are actually able to do and to be — a measure the milestone cannot capture and was never designed to. Hold that thought. It is the first crack of daylight in the wall.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">For now, mark the second jaw closed. The first taught each people to arm against the others. The second taught the state to trust its instruments over its people. What remains is the most dangerous movement of all — the one in which the dream itself, the beautiful dream of prosperity and greatness, becomes the justification for the bulldozer. The one in which they demolish your home, and your history, and tell you, sincerely, that they are setting you free.</p>
<h2 style="color: #B8860B; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif; font-size: 1.15em; letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase; margin: 2.2em 0 0.7em; border-bottom: 1px solid #B8860B; padding-bottom: 0.3em">Sources</h2>
<p style="margin: 0 0 0.7em; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.55; color: #333"><strong style="color: #7A0C0C">The theory.</strong> James M. Buchanan &amp; Gordon Tullock, <em>The Calculus of Consent</em> (1962); Adam Curtis, <em>The Trap</em>, Part 2, <em>The Lonely Robot</em> (BBC, 2007).</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 0.7em; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.55; color: #333"><strong style="color: #7A0C0C">The Ethiopian record.</strong> The Homegrown Economic Reform Agenda (Government of Ethiopia, 2019); the birr float and associated IMF Extended Credit Facility (2024, programme value reported at c. US$3.4bn); banking-sector liberalisation and telecom entry; the Ethiopian Securities Exchange (2025); the Fayda / National ID programme. Inflation figures per IMF country reviews and independent monitoring. Network-shutdown documentation per Access Now’s #KeepItOn coalition and NetBlocks. Specific figures and dates to be locked to named sources at production.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 0.7em; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.55; color: #333"><strong style="color: #7A0C0C">The measure invoked.</strong> Amartya Sen, <em>Development as Freedom</em> (1999).</p>
<p style="margin-top: 2.4em; padding-top: 1em; border-top: 1px solid #B8860B; font-size: 0.8em; color: #888; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.05em">THE TRAP · PART III OF V · THE ETHIOPIAN TRIBUNE</p>
</article>


		<div class=" twp-social-share  booster-clear">

						    <header class="twp-plugin-title twp-share-title">
			        <h2>Share</h2>
			    </header>
			
		    <div class="twp-share-container">
				<div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-facebook">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-rule-of-the-number/'); "  href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-rule-of-the-number/" >
			                                <span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>												<span class="twp-share-media">

													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M22.675 0h-21.35c-.732 0-1.325.593-1.325 1.325v21.351c0 .731.593 1.324 1.325 1.324h11.495v-9.294h-3.128v-3.622h3.128v-2.671c0-3.1 1.893-4.788 4.659-4.788 1.325 0 2.463.099 2.795.143v3.24l-1.918.001c-1.504 0-1.795.715-1.795 1.763v2.313h3.587l-.467 3.622h-3.12v9.293h6.116c.73 0 1.323-.593 1.323-1.325v-21.35c0-.732-.593-1.325-1.325-1.325z" /></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Facebook				                                        </span>
				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-twitter">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=The%20Rule%20of%20the%20Number&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-rule-of-the-number/'); "  href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=The%20Rule%20of%20the%20Number&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-rule-of-the-number/" >
			                                <span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>												<span class="twp-share-media">
													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z"></path></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Twitter				                                        </span>
												    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-pinterest">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow" href="javascript:twp_be_pinterest()">
											<span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>				                                <span class="twp-share-media">
													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M12.289,2C6.617,2,3.606,5.648,3.606,9.622c0,1.846,1.025,4.146,2.666,4.878c0.25,0.111,0.381,0.063,0.439-0.169 c0.044-0.175,0.267-1.029,0.365-1.428c0.032-0.128,0.017-0.237-0.091-0.362C6.445,11.911,6.01,10.75,6.01,9.668 c0-2.777,2.194-5.464,5.933-5.464c3.23,0,5.49,2.108,5.49,5.122c0,3.407-1.794,5.768-4.13,5.768c-1.291,0-2.257-1.021-1.948-2.277 c0.372-1.495,1.089-3.112,1.089-4.191c0-0.967-0.542-1.775-1.663-1.775c-1.319,0-2.379,1.309-2.379,3.059 c0,1.115,0.394,1.869,0.394,1.869s-1.302,5.279-1.54,6.261c-0.405,1.666,0.053,4.368,0.094,4.604 c0.021,0.126,0.167,0.169,0.25,0.063c0.129-0.165,1.699-2.419,2.142-4.051c0.158-0.59,0.817-2.995,0.817-2.995 c0.43,0.784,1.681,1.446,3.013,1.446c3.963,0,6.822-3.494,6.822-7.833C20.394,5.112,16.849,2,12.289,2"></path></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Pinterest				                                        </span>
				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-linkedin">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;title=The%20Rule%20of%20the%20Number&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-rule-of-the-number/'); "  href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;title=The%20Rule%20of%20the%20Number&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-rule-of-the-number/" >
																							<span class="twp-share-media">
				                                    <span class="share-media-nocount">
													    <svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19.7,3H4.3C3.582,3,3,3.582,3,4.3v15.4C3,20.418,3.582,21,4.3,21h15.4c0.718,0,1.3-0.582,1.3-1.3V4.3 C21,3.582,20.418,3,19.7,3z M8.339,18.338H5.667v-8.59h2.672V18.338z M7.004,8.574c-0.857,0-1.549-0.694-1.549-1.548 c0-0.855,0.691-1.548,1.549-1.548c0.854,0,1.547,0.694,1.547,1.548C8.551,7.881,7.858,8.574,7.004,8.574z M18.339,18.338h-2.669 v-4.177c0-0.996-0.017-2.278-1.387-2.278c-1.389,0-1.601,1.086-1.601,2.206v4.249h-2.667v-8.59h2.559v1.174h0.037 c0.356-0.675,1.227-1.387,2.526-1.387c2.703,0,3.203,1.779,3.203,4.092V18.338z"></path></svg>				                                    </span>
													<span class="twp-share-label twp-label-title">
				                                        LinkedIn				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
										</div>			</div>
		</div>

	            
            <div class="booster-block booster-author-block">
                <div class="be-author-details layout-square align-left">
                    <div class="be-author-wrapper">
                        <div class="booster-row">
                            <div class="booster-column booster-column-two booster-column-mobile">
                                <div class="be-author-image">
                                    <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a73c21d089723d10d1cbbbb9a3701985f832ae3401b74502eccdb093baa89da9?s=400&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a73c21d089723d10d1cbbbb9a3701985f832ae3401b74502eccdb093baa89da9?s=800&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-400 photo avatar-img" height="400" width="400" />                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="booster-column booster-column-eight booster-column-mobile">
                                <div class="author-details">
                                                                            <header class="twp-plugin-title twp-author-title">
                                            <h2>About Post Author</h2>
                                        </header>
                                                                        <h4 class="be-author-meta be-author-name">
                                        <a href="https://ethiopiantribune.com/author/admin/" class="booster-url-link">
                                            Ethiopian Tribune editor                                        </a>
                                    </h4>
                                                                                                                <div class="be-author-meta be-author-email">
                                            <a href="mailto: editor@ethiopiantribune.com" class="booster-url-link">
                                                <span class="booster-svg-icon booster-svg-envelope"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 3v18h24v-18h-24zm6.623 7.929l-4.623 5.712v-9.458l4.623 3.746zm-4.141-5.929h19.035l-9.517 7.713-9.518-7.713zm5.694 7.188l3.824 3.099 3.83-3.104 5.612 6.817h-18.779l5.513-6.812zm9.208-1.264l4.616-3.741v9.348l-4.616-5.607z" /></svg></span>editor@ethiopiantribune.com                                            </a>
                                        </div>
                                                                                                                <div class="be-author-meta be-author-url">
                                            <a href="https://ethiopiantribune.com" target="_blank" class="booster-url-link">
                                                <span class="booster-svg-icon booster-svg-sphere"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 11.25 1.5 C 5.035156 1.5 0 6.535156 0 12.75 C 0 18.964844 5.035156 24 11.25 24 C 17.464844 24 22.5 18.964844 22.5 12.75 C 22.5 6.535156 17.464844 1.5 11.25 1.5 Z M 17.617188 16.5 C 17.816406 15.550781 17.941406 14.546875 17.984375 13.5 L 20.972656 13.5 C 20.894531 14.535156 20.652344 15.542969 20.253906 16.5 Z M 4.882812 9 C 4.683594 9.949219 4.558594 10.953125 4.515625 12 L 1.527344 12 C 1.605469 10.964844 1.847656 9.957031 2.246094 9 Z M 16.078125 9 C 16.304688 9.960938 16.441406 10.964844 16.484375 12 L 12 12 L 12 9 Z M 12 7.5 L 12 3.109375 C 12.34375 3.210938 12.679688 3.375 13.011719 3.609375 C 13.636719 4.050781 14.230469 4.726562 14.738281 5.566406 C 15.085938 6.148438 15.386719 6.796875 15.640625 7.5 Z M 7.761719 5.566406 C 8.269531 4.726562 8.863281 4.050781 9.488281 3.609375 C 9.820312 3.375 10.15625 3.207031 10.5 3.109375 L 10.5 7.5 L 6.859375 7.5 C 7.113281 6.792969 7.414062 6.148438 7.761719 5.566406 Z M 10.5 9 L 10.5 12 L 6.015625 12 C 6.058594 10.964844 6.195312 9.960938 6.421875 9 Z M 2.246094 16.5 C 1.847656 15.542969 1.605469 14.535156 1.527344 13.5 L 4.515625 13.5 C 4.558594 14.546875 4.683594 15.550781 4.882812 16.5 Z M 6.015625 13.5 L 10.5 13.5 L 10.5 16.5 L 6.421875 16.5 C 6.195312 15.539062 6.058594 14.535156 6.015625 13.5 Z M 10.5 18 L 10.5 22.390625 C 10.15625 22.289062 9.820312 22.125 9.488281 21.890625 C 8.863281 21.449219 8.269531 20.773438 7.761719 19.933594 C 7.414062 19.351562 7.113281 18.703125 6.859375 18 Z M 14.738281 19.933594 C 14.230469 20.773438 13.636719 21.449219 13.011719 21.890625 C 12.679688 22.125 12.34375 22.292969 12 22.390625 L 12 18 L 15.640625 18 C 15.386719 18.707031 15.085938 19.351562 14.738281 19.933594 Z M 12 16.5 L 12 13.5 L 16.484375 13.5 C 16.441406 14.535156 16.304688 15.539062 16.078125 16.5 Z M 17.984375 12 C 17.945312 10.953125 17.816406 9.949219 17.617188 9 L 20.253906 9 C 20.652344 9.957031 20.894531 10.964844 20.972656 12 Z M 19.46875 7.5 L 17.222656 7.5 C 16.785156 6.121094 16.179688 4.914062 15.457031 3.949219 C 16.453125 4.429688 17.355469 5.066406 18.144531 5.855469 C 18.648438 6.359375 19.089844 6.910156 19.46875 7.5 Z M 4.355469 5.855469 C 5.144531 5.066406 6.046875 4.429688 7.042969 3.949219 C 6.320312 4.914062 5.714844 6.121094 5.277344 7.5 L 3.03125 7.5 C 3.410156 6.910156 3.851562 6.359375 4.355469 5.855469 Z M 3.03125 18 L 5.277344 18 C 5.714844 19.378906 6.320312 20.585938 7.042969 21.550781 C 6.046875 21.070312 5.144531 20.433594 4.355469 19.644531 C 3.851562 19.140625 3.410156 18.589844 3.03125 18 Z M 18.144531 19.644531 C 17.355469 20.433594 16.453125 21.070312 15.457031 21.550781 C 16.179688 20.585938 16.785156 19.378906 17.222656 18 L 19.46875 18 C 19.089844 18.589844 18.648438 19.140625 18.144531 19.644531 Z M 18.144531 19.644531 " /></svg></span>https://ethiopiantribune.com                                            </a>
                                        </div>
                                                                                                        </div>
                                <div class="be-author-profiles">
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
                    <div class="booster-block booster-reactions-block">
            <div class="twp-reactions-icons">
                
                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-1" post-id="5048" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/happy.svg" alt="Happy">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Happy                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                        
                                                <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-2" post-id="5048" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/sad.svg" alt="Sad">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Sad                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-3" post-id="5048" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/excited.svg" alt="Excited">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Excited                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-6" post-id="5048" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/sleepy.svg" alt="Sleepy">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Sleepy                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                        
                                                <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-4" post-id="5048" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/angry.svg" alt="Angry">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">Angry</div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                        
                    </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-5" post-id="5048" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/surprise.svg" alt="Surprise">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">Surprise</div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

            </div>
        </div>

    ]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-rule-of-the-number/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">5048</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Constitution of Distrust</title>
		<link>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-constitution-of-distrust/</link>
					<comments>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-constitution-of-distrust/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ethiopian Tribune editor]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Aug 2026 14:10:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[African News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Opinion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sustainability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ማህበራዊ ጉዳዮች]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[#EthiopianTribune]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ethionews]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ethiopia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ethiopian Tribune]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ethiopianews]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ethiopiantribune.com/?p=5047</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The Constitution of Distrust — The Ethiopian Tribune THE TRAP — WHAT HAPPENED TO OUR...]]></description>
			
			<div class="twp-like-dislike-button twp-like-dislike-thumb">

				
				<span data-id="5047" id="twp-post-like" class="twp-post-like-dislike can-like">
		            <img src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/thumbs-up.svg" />		        </span>

				<span class="twp-like-count">
		            3		        </span>

				
				<span data-id="5047" id="twp-post-dislike" class="twp-post-like-dislike can-dislike ">
		            <img src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/thumbs-down.svg" />		            
		        </span>

				<span class="twp-dislike-count">
		            0		        </span>

			</div>

									<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='booster-block booster-read-block'>
                <div class="twp-read-time">
                	<i class="booster-icon twp-clock"></i> <span>Read Time:</span>8 Minute, 36 Second                </div>

            </div><p><meta charset="utf-8"><br />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"></p>
<p><title>The Constitution of Distrust — The Ethiopian Tribune</title></p>
<article style="max-width: 44em; margin: 0 auto; padding: 2.4em 1.3em 3.4em; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif; background: #fffdf9">
<div style="text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.18em; font-size: 0.72em; color: #B8860B; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 0.5em">THE TRAP — WHAT HAPPENED TO OUR ETHIOPIAN DREAM OF FREEDOM</div>
<div style="text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.22em; font-size: 0.7em; color: #7A0C0C; margin-bottom: 1.1em">PART II OF V</div>
<h1 style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif; font-size: 2.5em; line-height: 1.1; color: #7A0C0C; margin: 0 0 0.35em; font-weight: 700">The Constitution of Distrust</h1>
<p style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif; font-style: italic; font-size: 1.2em; color: #B8860B; margin: 0 0 1.2em; line-height: 1.35">How a founding document wrote a prisoner’s dilemma into a nation</p>
<p style="font-size: 0.82em; letter-spacing: 0.05em; color: #555; border-top: 1px solid #ddd; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 0.6em 0; margin: 0 0 1.8em">By <strong>E. Frashie</strong> &nbsp;·&nbsp; The Ethiopian Tribune</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A"><span style="float: left; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif; font-size: 4.4em; line-height: 0.82; font-weight: 700; color: #7A0C0C; padding: 0.02em 0.10em 0 0">I</span>f the trap has an Ethiopian birthplace, it is not 2018. It is 1995 — the year the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia came into force — and to see why, one must read that founding document not as a charter of rights but, in Curtis’s manner, as a model of human nature written into law. To read it so, we need first to meet the model itself, and to follow it back to the strange and paranoid room in which it was made.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">The model is the suspicious actor: the isolated, rational, self-interested individual who assumes the worst of everyone around him and plans accordingly. Its formal origins lie in game theory, set out by the mathematician John von Neumann and the economist Oskar Morgenstern in <em>Theory of Games and Economic Behavior</em> (1944), which recast human conduct as the strategic calculation of players each pursuing advantage. At the RAND Corporation, the Pentagon’s Cold War think-tank, this became the mathematics of nuclear survival. It was there, around 1950, that Merrill Flood and Melvin Dresher devised the scenario the mathematician Albert Tucker would name the <em>prisoner’s dilemma</em>: two rational actors, unable to trust each other, each betraying the other and so arriving together at an outcome worse than cooperation would have produced. And it was there that the young mathematician John Nash formalised the equilibrium that would later win him a Nobel — the stable point at which suspicious players, each defending against the others, become collectively locked in place, none able to improve his position by moving alone.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">Curtis makes a deliberately provocative move at this juncture, and honesty requires that it be presented as his interpretation rather than as settled fact. He links this model of man-as-suspicious-loner to Nash’s own paranoid schizophrenia, and to the paranoid atmosphere of the Cold War that funded the work — as though a picture of human beings as mutually distrustful competitors had been generalised from a mind, and a moment, in the grip of suspicion. One need not accept the biographical causation to see that the structural point stands. A specific and pessimistic picture of what a human being is was built into the machinery of the modern state at the very moment it was being sold as rationality itself.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">Now hold that picture against the opening words of Ethiopia’s constitution. “We, the Nations, Nationalities and Peoples of Ethiopia…” Not <em>we the people</em>, singular, but <em>we the peoples</em>, plural — each a discrete and calculating entity, each entering the federation as a party to a contract it may one day rescind. Article 39 makes the logic explicit, and it is worth quoting exactly, since the whole reading rests upon it: “Every Nation, Nationality and People in Ethiopia has an unconditional right to self-determination, including the right to secession.” The exit is not treated as a failure of the system. It is written in as a feature of it, constitutionally guaranteed, permanently on the table.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">Read through the theory we have just laid out, the design reveals itself. What Meles Zenawi and the architects of the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front built, whether or not they ever used the vocabulary, was a prisoner’s dilemma given the force of law. Each people is modelled as a rational, self-interested actor. Each is invited to assume the others are pursuing their own advantage. Each is handed, in Article 39, a standing threat to walk away from the whole. In such a structure the individually rational move — as Nash’s mathematics predicts — is never to trust first, never to disarm first, always to secure one’s own group against the possibility of the others’ bad faith. The stable outcome, the equilibrium of the thing, is not cooperation. It is a low-trust standoff in which every party arms against every other, and all are left worse off than a single act of mutual trust would have made them. This is the architecture of suspicion, carried from the RAND seminar room into the founding law of an African state.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">There is a scholarly bridge worth naming here, because it lets us extend Curtis with rigour rather than by loose analogy. The political scientist Barry Posen, in “The Security Dilemma and Ethnic Conflict,” published in the journal <em>Survival</em> in 1993, took the same game-theoretic core — the mutual, self-fulfilling fear at the heart of the prisoner’s dilemma — and applied it precisely to multi-ethnic states. His insight, drawn from the collapse of Yugoslavia, ran as follows: so long as an imperial or hegemonic power sits above the groups and forbids them to compete, the game is suppressed and the peace, however unloved, holds. But the moment that power withdraws, each group finds itself in a sudden anarchy, forced to provide for its own security, reading every neighbour’s defensive preparation as a possible offensive threat — and the dilemma, long dormant, springs shut. Curtis never made this move. Posen did. Ours is to recognise that Ethiopia ran the experiment.</p>
<blockquote style="border-top: 2px solid #7A0C0C; border-bottom: 2px solid #7A0C0C; color: #7A0C0C; font-style: italic; font-size: 1.28em; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center; max-width: 36em; margin: 1.8em auto; padding: 0.7em 0.5em; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif"><p>The design did not fail in 2018. It was in 2018 that the design was finally, catastrophically, permitted to work.</p>
</blockquote>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">For a quarter of a century the dilemma was held in check — not by trust, but by a hegemon. The EPRDF’s doctrine of revolutionary democracy and democratic centralism placed a single dominant party above the federation and simply forbade the peoples to play the game the constitution had written for them. Competition was suppressed; the exit clause was theoretical; the vanguard internalised the cooperative outcome and imposed it from above. The federal architecture appeared to function, but it functioned the way a coiled spring appears to be at rest. What looked like a federation of trusting nations was in truth a federation of restrained ones.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">Then the restraint was removed. The transformation of 2018 — the very opening we called, in the first part, a genuine liberation — was in Posen’s exact sense the withdrawal of the hegemon. The dominant player stepped back from the board, and the game it had suppressed for twenty-seven years asserted itself with the speed of released tension. Each people, now genuinely free, did what the structure had always instructed it to do. It calculated. It looked at its neighbours, remembered its history, and moved to secure itself first.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">The evidence is the last seven years of our national life. The proliferation of regional “special forces” and ethnic militias — region after region fielding its own standing army, because to be the one region without one was to accept the sucker’s payoff. The scramble for new statehood in the south, where the old Southern Nations region fractured as zone after zone calculated that its safety lay in its own regional exit rather than in a shared house: Sidama voted itself a region in 2019, a South West cluster followed in 2021, and further splits were legislated in 2023. And, in the purest illustration the theory could ask for, the federal move in 2023 to dissolve the regional special forces into the national army — a demand, in effect, that everyone disarm at once. In a system built on trust it would have been the obvious good. In a prisoner’s dilemma it was close to unthinkable, because to lay down your arms first, while others might not, is exactly the move the structure punishes worst. In Amhara the order was widely read as disarmament before rivals, the Fano mobilisation followed, and the equilibrium reasserted itself in blood. Tigray before it and Oromia around it tell the same story in different keys.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">Here we must hold the discipline this series owes itself — the discipline Curtis himself so often abandons. The prisoner’s dilemma illuminates; it must not be permitted to exonerate. An equilibrium does not demolish a village or shell a town. People do, and they choose to, and some choose it for gain rather than survival. The frame explains why trust was so structurally fragile; it does not dissolve the responsibility of those who exploited the fragility. To let the game theory become a theodicy — a proof that the blood was no one’s fault, merely the mathematics working itself out — would be to fall into the very trap we are trying to describe: the seductive total system that explains everything and therefore excuses everything. The model is a light to think by, not an alibi.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">What it does show, unmistakably, is that our national suspicion is not a cultural failing or an ancient hatred waiting in the blood. It is a designed outcome — engineered into a founding text, suppressed for a generation by a party, and released by a liberation. We were handed our freedom in 2018, and the freedom was real. But the self the constitution had modelled for us — the wary, calculating actor — was waiting inside the gift. We opened the door, and it walked in with us. That is the first jaw of the trap. The second is quieter, and wears the face of competence. It counts.</p>
<h2 style="color: #B8860B; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif; font-size: 1.15em; letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase; margin: 2.2em 0 0.7em; border-bottom: 1px solid #B8860B; padding-bottom: 0.3em">Sources</h2>
<p style="margin: 0 0 0.7em; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.55; color: #333"><strong style="color: #7A0C0C">The architecture of suspicion.</strong> John von Neumann &amp; Oskar Morgenstern, <em>Theory of Games and Economic Behavior</em> (1944); John Nash, “Equilibrium Points in n-Person Games” (1950) and “Non-Cooperative Games” (1951); the prisoner’s dilemma formulated at RAND by Merrill Flood and Melvin Dresher (1950), named by Albert Tucker. The link between Nash’s illness and the model is Curtis’s interpretation, presented here as such.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 0.7em; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.55; color: #333"><strong style="color: #7A0C0C">The ethnic security dilemma.</strong> Barry R. Posen, “The Security Dilemma and Ethnic Conflict,” <em>Survival</em> 35:1 (1993).</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 0.7em; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.55; color: #333"><strong style="color: #7A0C0C">The founding text.</strong> Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (1995), Preamble and Article 39, quoted from the official English text.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 0.7em; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.55; color: #333"><strong style="color: #7A0C0C">The Ethiopian record.</strong> Sidama regional referendum (2019); formation of the South West Ethiopia Peoples’ region (2021); further southern restructuring (2023); the 2023 federal move to integrate regional special forces and the ensuing Amhara/Fano mobilisation — to be cited to the Tribune’s own reporting and named external sources at production.</p>
<p style="margin-top: 2.4em; padding-top: 1em; border-top: 1px solid #B8860B; font-size: 0.8em; color: #888; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.05em">THE TRAP · PART II OF V · THE ETHIOPIAN TRIBUNE</p>
</article>


		<div class=" twp-social-share  booster-clear">

						    <header class="twp-plugin-title twp-share-title">
			        <h2>Share</h2>
			    </header>
			
		    <div class="twp-share-container">
				<div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-facebook">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-constitution-of-distrust/'); "  href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-constitution-of-distrust/" >
			                                <span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>												<span class="twp-share-media">

													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M22.675 0h-21.35c-.732 0-1.325.593-1.325 1.325v21.351c0 .731.593 1.324 1.325 1.324h11.495v-9.294h-3.128v-3.622h3.128v-2.671c0-3.1 1.893-4.788 4.659-4.788 1.325 0 2.463.099 2.795.143v3.24l-1.918.001c-1.504 0-1.795.715-1.795 1.763v2.313h3.587l-.467 3.622h-3.12v9.293h6.116c.73 0 1.323-.593 1.323-1.325v-21.35c0-.732-.593-1.325-1.325-1.325z" /></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Facebook				                                        </span>
				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-twitter">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=The%20Constitution%20of%20Distrust&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-constitution-of-distrust/'); "  href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=The%20Constitution%20of%20Distrust&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-constitution-of-distrust/" >
			                                <span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>												<span class="twp-share-media">
													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z"></path></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Twitter				                                        </span>
												    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-pinterest">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow" href="javascript:twp_be_pinterest()">
											<span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>				                                <span class="twp-share-media">
													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M12.289,2C6.617,2,3.606,5.648,3.606,9.622c0,1.846,1.025,4.146,2.666,4.878c0.25,0.111,0.381,0.063,0.439-0.169 c0.044-0.175,0.267-1.029,0.365-1.428c0.032-0.128,0.017-0.237-0.091-0.362C6.445,11.911,6.01,10.75,6.01,9.668 c0-2.777,2.194-5.464,5.933-5.464c3.23,0,5.49,2.108,5.49,5.122c0,3.407-1.794,5.768-4.13,5.768c-1.291,0-2.257-1.021-1.948-2.277 c0.372-1.495,1.089-3.112,1.089-4.191c0-0.967-0.542-1.775-1.663-1.775c-1.319,0-2.379,1.309-2.379,3.059 c0,1.115,0.394,1.869,0.394,1.869s-1.302,5.279-1.54,6.261c-0.405,1.666,0.053,4.368,0.094,4.604 c0.021,0.126,0.167,0.169,0.25,0.063c0.129-0.165,1.699-2.419,2.142-4.051c0.158-0.59,0.817-2.995,0.817-2.995 c0.43,0.784,1.681,1.446,3.013,1.446c3.963,0,6.822-3.494,6.822-7.833C20.394,5.112,16.849,2,12.289,2"></path></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Pinterest				                                        </span>
				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-linkedin">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;title=The%20Constitution%20of%20Distrust&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-constitution-of-distrust/'); "  href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;title=The%20Constitution%20of%20Distrust&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-constitution-of-distrust/" >
																							<span class="twp-share-media">
				                                    <span class="share-media-nocount">
													    <svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19.7,3H4.3C3.582,3,3,3.582,3,4.3v15.4C3,20.418,3.582,21,4.3,21h15.4c0.718,0,1.3-0.582,1.3-1.3V4.3 C21,3.582,20.418,3,19.7,3z M8.339,18.338H5.667v-8.59h2.672V18.338z M7.004,8.574c-0.857,0-1.549-0.694-1.549-1.548 c0-0.855,0.691-1.548,1.549-1.548c0.854,0,1.547,0.694,1.547,1.548C8.551,7.881,7.858,8.574,7.004,8.574z M18.339,18.338h-2.669 v-4.177c0-0.996-0.017-2.278-1.387-2.278c-1.389,0-1.601,1.086-1.601,2.206v4.249h-2.667v-8.59h2.559v1.174h0.037 c0.356-0.675,1.227-1.387,2.526-1.387c2.703,0,3.203,1.779,3.203,4.092V18.338z"></path></svg>				                                    </span>
													<span class="twp-share-label twp-label-title">
				                                        LinkedIn				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
										</div>			</div>
		</div>

	            
            <div class="booster-block booster-author-block">
                <div class="be-author-details layout-square align-left">
                    <div class="be-author-wrapper">
                        <div class="booster-row">
                            <div class="booster-column booster-column-two booster-column-mobile">
                                <div class="be-author-image">
                                    <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a73c21d089723d10d1cbbbb9a3701985f832ae3401b74502eccdb093baa89da9?s=400&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a73c21d089723d10d1cbbbb9a3701985f832ae3401b74502eccdb093baa89da9?s=800&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-400 photo avatar-img" height="400" width="400" />                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="booster-column booster-column-eight booster-column-mobile">
                                <div class="author-details">
                                                                            <header class="twp-plugin-title twp-author-title">
                                            <h2>About Post Author</h2>
                                        </header>
                                                                        <h4 class="be-author-meta be-author-name">
                                        <a href="https://ethiopiantribune.com/author/admin/" class="booster-url-link">
                                            Ethiopian Tribune editor                                        </a>
                                    </h4>
                                                                                                                <div class="be-author-meta be-author-email">
                                            <a href="mailto: editor@ethiopiantribune.com" class="booster-url-link">
                                                <span class="booster-svg-icon booster-svg-envelope"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 3v18h24v-18h-24zm6.623 7.929l-4.623 5.712v-9.458l4.623 3.746zm-4.141-5.929h19.035l-9.517 7.713-9.518-7.713zm5.694 7.188l3.824 3.099 3.83-3.104 5.612 6.817h-18.779l5.513-6.812zm9.208-1.264l4.616-3.741v9.348l-4.616-5.607z" /></svg></span>editor@ethiopiantribune.com                                            </a>
                                        </div>
                                                                                                                <div class="be-author-meta be-author-url">
                                            <a href="https://ethiopiantribune.com" target="_blank" class="booster-url-link">
                                                <span class="booster-svg-icon booster-svg-sphere"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 11.25 1.5 C 5.035156 1.5 0 6.535156 0 12.75 C 0 18.964844 5.035156 24 11.25 24 C 17.464844 24 22.5 18.964844 22.5 12.75 C 22.5 6.535156 17.464844 1.5 11.25 1.5 Z M 17.617188 16.5 C 17.816406 15.550781 17.941406 14.546875 17.984375 13.5 L 20.972656 13.5 C 20.894531 14.535156 20.652344 15.542969 20.253906 16.5 Z M 4.882812 9 C 4.683594 9.949219 4.558594 10.953125 4.515625 12 L 1.527344 12 C 1.605469 10.964844 1.847656 9.957031 2.246094 9 Z M 16.078125 9 C 16.304688 9.960938 16.441406 10.964844 16.484375 12 L 12 12 L 12 9 Z M 12 7.5 L 12 3.109375 C 12.34375 3.210938 12.679688 3.375 13.011719 3.609375 C 13.636719 4.050781 14.230469 4.726562 14.738281 5.566406 C 15.085938 6.148438 15.386719 6.796875 15.640625 7.5 Z M 7.761719 5.566406 C 8.269531 4.726562 8.863281 4.050781 9.488281 3.609375 C 9.820312 3.375 10.15625 3.207031 10.5 3.109375 L 10.5 7.5 L 6.859375 7.5 C 7.113281 6.792969 7.414062 6.148438 7.761719 5.566406 Z M 10.5 9 L 10.5 12 L 6.015625 12 C 6.058594 10.964844 6.195312 9.960938 6.421875 9 Z M 2.246094 16.5 C 1.847656 15.542969 1.605469 14.535156 1.527344 13.5 L 4.515625 13.5 C 4.558594 14.546875 4.683594 15.550781 4.882812 16.5 Z M 6.015625 13.5 L 10.5 13.5 L 10.5 16.5 L 6.421875 16.5 C 6.195312 15.539062 6.058594 14.535156 6.015625 13.5 Z M 10.5 18 L 10.5 22.390625 C 10.15625 22.289062 9.820312 22.125 9.488281 21.890625 C 8.863281 21.449219 8.269531 20.773438 7.761719 19.933594 C 7.414062 19.351562 7.113281 18.703125 6.859375 18 Z M 14.738281 19.933594 C 14.230469 20.773438 13.636719 21.449219 13.011719 21.890625 C 12.679688 22.125 12.34375 22.292969 12 22.390625 L 12 18 L 15.640625 18 C 15.386719 18.707031 15.085938 19.351562 14.738281 19.933594 Z M 12 16.5 L 12 13.5 L 16.484375 13.5 C 16.441406 14.535156 16.304688 15.539062 16.078125 16.5 Z M 17.984375 12 C 17.945312 10.953125 17.816406 9.949219 17.617188 9 L 20.253906 9 C 20.652344 9.957031 20.894531 10.964844 20.972656 12 Z M 19.46875 7.5 L 17.222656 7.5 C 16.785156 6.121094 16.179688 4.914062 15.457031 3.949219 C 16.453125 4.429688 17.355469 5.066406 18.144531 5.855469 C 18.648438 6.359375 19.089844 6.910156 19.46875 7.5 Z M 4.355469 5.855469 C 5.144531 5.066406 6.046875 4.429688 7.042969 3.949219 C 6.320312 4.914062 5.714844 6.121094 5.277344 7.5 L 3.03125 7.5 C 3.410156 6.910156 3.851562 6.359375 4.355469 5.855469 Z M 3.03125 18 L 5.277344 18 C 5.714844 19.378906 6.320312 20.585938 7.042969 21.550781 C 6.046875 21.070312 5.144531 20.433594 4.355469 19.644531 C 3.851562 19.140625 3.410156 18.589844 3.03125 18 Z M 18.144531 19.644531 C 17.355469 20.433594 16.453125 21.070312 15.457031 21.550781 C 16.179688 20.585938 16.785156 19.378906 17.222656 18 L 19.46875 18 C 19.089844 18.589844 18.648438 19.140625 18.144531 19.644531 Z M 18.144531 19.644531 " /></svg></span>https://ethiopiantribune.com                                            </a>
                                        </div>
                                                                                                        </div>
                                <div class="be-author-profiles">
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
                    <div class="booster-block booster-reactions-block">
            <div class="twp-reactions-icons">
                
                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-1" post-id="5047" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/happy.svg" alt="Happy">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Happy                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                        
                                                <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-2" post-id="5047" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/sad.svg" alt="Sad">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Sad                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-3" post-id="5047" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/excited.svg" alt="Excited">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Excited                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-6" post-id="5047" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/sleepy.svg" alt="Sleepy">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Sleepy                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                        
                                                <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-4" post-id="5047" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/angry.svg" alt="Angry">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">Angry</div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                        
                    </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-5" post-id="5047" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/surprise.svg" alt="Surprise">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">Surprise</div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

            </div>
        </div>

    ]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/the-constitution-of-distrust/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">5047</post-id>	</item>
		<item>
		<title>When the Cell Doors Opened</title>
		<link>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/when-the-cell-doors-opened/</link>
					<comments>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/when-the-cell-doors-opened/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ethiopian Tribune editor]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 26 Aug 2026 14:32:21 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[African News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Opinion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sustainability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ማህበራዊ ጉዳዮች]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ethionews]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ethiopia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ethiopian Tribune]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Ethiopian Tribune]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ኢትዮጵያ]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ethiopiantribune.com/?p=5046</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[This series takes its frame from the British documentary-maker Adam Curtis, and in particular from his 2007 BBC film “The Trap: What Happened to Our Dream of Freedom.” Curtis has spent four decades advancing a single unsettling argument: that those who govern modern societies rule less through open force than through stories about human nature, simplified, often bleak models of what a person fundamentally is, and that these models, though partial and born in strange places, escape the seminar rooms in which they are made, remake the world in their image, and finally close around us like a trap. In earlier films — “The Century of the Self” (2002), on how Freud’s ideas were turned into the machinery of consumer persuasion, and “The Power of Nightmares” (2004), on the mirrored fantasies of neoconservatives and Islamists, he rehearsed the method. “The Trap,” in three parts, is his most sustained attempt to explain how a sincere ideal of freedom curdled, across the late twentieth century, into a new and subtler system of control.]]></description>
			
			<div class="twp-like-dislike-button twp-like-dislike-thumb">

				
				<span data-id="5046" id="twp-post-like" class="twp-post-like-dislike can-like">
		            <img src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/thumbs-up.svg" />		        </span>

				<span class="twp-like-count">
		            2		        </span>

				
				<span data-id="5046" id="twp-post-dislike" class="twp-post-like-dislike can-dislike ">
		            <img src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/thumbs-down.svg" />		            
		        </span>

				<span class="twp-dislike-count">
		            0		        </span>

			</div>

									<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='booster-block booster-read-block'>
                <div class="twp-read-time">
                	<i class="booster-icon twp-clock"></i> <span>Read Time:</span>8 Minute, 43 Second                </div>

            </div><p><head><meta charset="utf-8"></head><br />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><br />
<title>When the Cell Doors Opened — The Ethiopian Tribune</title><br />
<body style="margin: 0; background: #faf8f4"></p>
<article style="max-width: 44em; margin: 0 auto; padding: 2.4em 1.3em 3.4em; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif; background: #fffdf9">
<div style="text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.18em; font-size: 0.72em; color: #B8860B; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 0.5em">THE TRAP — WHAT HAPPENED TO OUR ETHIOPIAN DREAM OF FREEDOM</div>
<div style="text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.22em; font-size: 0.7em; color: #7A0C0C; margin-bottom: 1.1em">PART I OF V</div>
<h1 style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif; font-size: 2.5em; line-height: 1.1; color: #7A0C0C; margin: 0 0 0.35em; font-weight: 700">When the Cell Doors Opened</h1>
<p style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif; font-style: italic; font-size: 1.2em; color: #B8860B; margin: 0 0 1.2em; line-height: 1.35">Ethiopia’s dream of freedom, and the machine folded inside the gift</p>
<p style="font-size: 0.82em; letter-spacing: 0.05em; color: #555; border-top: 1px solid #ddd; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 0.6em 0; margin: 0 0 1.8em">By <strong>E. Frashie</strong> &nbsp;·&nbsp; The Ethiopian Tribune</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A"><span style="float: left; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif; font-size: 4.4em; line-height: 0.82; font-weight: 700; color: #7A0C0C; padding: 0.02em 0.10em 0 0">I</span>n the spring of 2018 the cell doors opened, and for a season it was possible to believe that Ethiopia had walked out of its own history. They came out blinking into the light — the journalists, the bloggers, the opposition figures who had been named terrorists for the crime of dissent. Exiles booked their flights home. Armed movements long declared beyond the pale — the Oromo Liberation Front, Ginbot 7, the Ogaden National Liberation Front — were struck from the terror list and invited back into the political fold. A new prime minister, Abiy Ahmed, spoke a language the country had not heard from its rulers in living memory: apology, reconciliation, the deliberate un-clenching of the state’s fist. By July he had reached across the trenches of one of Africa’s longest cold wars and made peace with Eritrea, and men who had assumed they would die without hearing an Asmara voice again wept into telephone lines that had been dead for twenty years.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">To grasp what follows in this series, one must first take that year seriously on its own terms, without the condescension of hindsight. The joy was not manufactured and the hope was not naïve. For a few extraordinary months a nation of a hundred million people allowed itself the dangerous luxury of belief — belief that the machinery of fear that had governed them since the Derg, and arguably long before, could be switched off by an act of will from the top. They were not wrong to feel it, because the liberation was, in that moment, entirely real. The prisoners really did walk free. The press really did breathe. This is the first and most important thing to understand about a trap: it does not begin with a lie. It begins with a genuine gift.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">It is worth pausing on the sheer velocity of that hope, because velocity is part of how a trap works. Within months a word had attached itself to the mood — a giddy, half-ironic “Abiymania” — and the diaspora, which had spent decades organising against the state from the cafés of Washington and the suburbs of Frankfurt, began booking one-way tickets home. Men and women who had assumed they would grow old in exile stood in the arrivals hall at Bole and wept. A whole generation that had known only the closed fist of the security state allowed itself to imagine that the future had, without warning, come early. It felt less like a change of government than a change of era — and it is precisely at such moments, when a people is most open, most trusting, most willing to be remade, that the deepest assumptions about who they are and how they must be governed slip in unexamined.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">This series takes its frame from the British documentary-maker Adam Curtis, and in particular from his 2007 BBC film “The Trap: What Happened to Our Dream of Freedom.” Curtis has spent four decades advancing a single unsettling argument: that those who govern modern societies rule less through open force than through stories about human nature — simplified, often bleak models of what a person fundamentally is — and that these models, though partial and born in strange places, escape the seminar rooms in which they are made, remake the world in their image, and finally close around us like a trap. In earlier films — “The Century of the Self” (2002), on how Freud’s ideas were turned into the machinery of consumer persuasion, and “The Power of Nightmares” (2004), on the mirrored fantasies of neoconservatives and Islamists — he rehearsed the method. “The Trap,” in three parts, is his most sustained attempt to explain how a sincere ideal of freedom curdled, across the late twentieth century, into a new and subtler system of control.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">It is a film worth watching from Addis Ababa in 2026, because we have lived its argument at compressed speed. Curtis builds his case on a distinction drawn by the philosopher Isaiah Berlin, to which this series will return in detail: the distinction between freedom <em>from</em> interference and freedom <em>to</em> become one’s truer self. His bleak suggestion is that both, once run through the machinery of the modern state, become cages — the first a marketised loneliness, the second a licence for coercion. Before we can test so grand a claim against our own condition, we must sit inside the Ethiopian spring of 2018 and ask a question almost no one asked at the time. Not whether the freedom was real — it was — but what model of ourselves, what picture of who Ethiopians are and how they behave, was quietly folded inside the gift.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">Because here is the thing about that spring that we did not see, for who looks a gift of freedom in the mouth. Every door that swung open was also a mechanism. The same amnesty that let exiled fighters come home let older grievances come home too, and remember themselves, and look about for redress. The same opening that unbanned the parties and freed the press invited every people in the federation to calculate — at last out loud, and without penalty — exactly what it stood to gain and what it stood to lose in the new dispensation. Freedom of speech became, among much that was noble, also the freedom to inflame. The lifting of the state’s hand from the scales did not produce a weightless equilibrium. It produced a scramble.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">The consequences arrived faster than the celebrations could fade. Along the frontier between the Southern Nations and Oromia, in Gedeo and West Guji, communities that had lived intermingled for generations turned on one another, and hundreds of thousands fled. According to the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Ethiopia recorded over the course of 2018 one of the highest figures for new conflict-related internal displacement of any country in the world that year — a grim distinction for a nation whose leader would, the following year, be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. No one in the new government had ordered this. That is precisely the point. It followed. It was the logic of the thing, working itself out.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">What logic? That is the subject of everything that follows, and it is worth stating the shape of the argument at the outset so the reader can hold the whole in view. Ethiopia in 2018 did not step out of a trap. It stepped into one that had been laid, with the best of intentions, a generation earlier — and the opening of the doors was not the escape but the release of the mechanism. Over the coming parts we will trace three jaws of that mechanism. First, a constitution that models each of the country’s peoples as a suspicious, calculating actor, and quietly rewards distrust — the subject of Part II. Second, a mode of government that trusts its own numbers over the lived reality of its citizens, compressing the person into a data point — Part III. And third, a dream of national prosperity so beautiful and so total that it licenses the bulldozer and calls the demolition freedom — Part IV. In the fifth and final part we will ask whether there is any way out at all.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">There is a temptation in an argument like this one that must be named and resisted from the very first page, and it is a temptation to which Curtis himself sometimes succumbs. It is the temptation of the total explanation — the single hidden machine that accounts for everything, that turns every death into a data point in a theory and every actor into a puppet of a structure. That way lies both bad history and bad faith. The men and women who govern Ethiopia are not the helpless marionettes of a Cold War equation, and to present them so would be to hand them the greatest gift a powerful person can receive: the alibi that nothing was ever a choice. This series uses the trap as a lens, not as a theology. The structure explains why certain choices were tempting, why trust was structurally fragile, why the open doors let in what they let in. It does not dissolve the responsibility of those who chose.</p>
<blockquote style="border-top: 2px solid #7A0C0C; border-bottom: 2px solid #7A0C0C; color: #7A0C0C; font-style: italic; font-size: 1.28em; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center; max-width: 36em; margin: 1.8em auto; padding: 0.7em 0.5em; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif"><p>The illusion was not that the freedom was real. It was real. The illusion was that freedom, once handed down from above, would keep itself.</p>
</blockquote>
<p style="margin: 0 0 1.15em; font-size: 1.12em; line-height: 1.72; text-align: justify; color: #1A1A1A">So let us begin where the dream began, and remember it honestly. The prisoners walked free. The phones to Asmara rang after twenty years of silence. A leader stood before his people and spoke of love — <span style="font-family: 'Nyala','Abyssinica SIL','Noto Sans Ethiopic',sans-serif">መደመር</span>, <em>medemer</em>, coming together — and meant it, and the people believed him, and for a moment the belief was its own kind of truth. That is not the illusion this series will puncture. The illusion was subtler and sadder: it was the belief that a nation could receive its liberty as a finished gift and not have to build it, painfully and against the grain of its own machinery, from below. A Curtis film would freeze the frame here — not on a villain’s face, but on a door swinging open, and something stepping through it that no one had invited and no one could now call back. We opened the door in the spring of 2018. In the next part we turn to the room it opened onto — and to the founding document that had been waiting, patiently, on the other side.</p>
<h2 style="color: #B8860B; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,Georgia,serif; font-size: 1.15em; letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase; margin: 2.2em 0 0.7em; border-bottom: 1px solid #B8860B; padding-bottom: 0.3em">Sources</h2>
<p style="margin: 0 0 0.7em; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.55; color: #333"><strong style="color: #7A0C0C">The film.</strong> Adam Curtis, <em>The Trap: What Happened to Our Dream of Freedom</em> (BBC, 2007), in three parts. Also <em>The Century of the Self</em> (BBC, 2002) and <em>The Power of Nightmares</em> (BBC, 2004).</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 0.7em; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.55; color: #333"><strong style="color: #7A0C0C">The theory named.</strong> Isaiah Berlin, “Two Concepts of Liberty” (1958), for the distinction between negative and positive liberty developed across this series.</p>
<p style="margin: 0 0 0.7em; font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.55; color: #333"><strong style="color: #7A0C0C">The Ethiopian record.</strong> The reforms of 2018 (prisoner releases, de-listing of the OLF, Ginbot 7 and ONLF, the July 2018 rapprochement with Eritrea) and the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize are matters of public record. Displacement figures for 2018 as monitored by the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), <em>Global Report on Internal Displacement</em>; to be cited to the specific IDMC figure at production.</p>
<p style="margin-top: 2.4em; padding-top: 1em; border-top: 1px solid #B8860B; font-size: 0.8em; color: #888; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.05em">THE TRAP · PART I OF V · THE ETHIOPIAN TRIBUNE</p>
</article>
<p></body></p>


		<div class=" twp-social-share  booster-clear">

						    <header class="twp-plugin-title twp-share-title">
			        <h2>Share</h2>
			    </header>
			
		    <div class="twp-share-container">
				<div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-facebook">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/when-the-cell-doors-opened/'); "  href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/when-the-cell-doors-opened/" >
			                                <span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>												<span class="twp-share-media">

													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M22.675 0h-21.35c-.732 0-1.325.593-1.325 1.325v21.351c0 .731.593 1.324 1.325 1.324h11.495v-9.294h-3.128v-3.622h3.128v-2.671c0-3.1 1.893-4.788 4.659-4.788 1.325 0 2.463.099 2.795.143v3.24l-1.918.001c-1.504 0-1.795.715-1.795 1.763v2.313h3.587l-.467 3.622h-3.12v9.293h6.116c.73 0 1.323-.593 1.323-1.325v-21.35c0-.732-.593-1.325-1.325-1.325z" /></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Facebook				                                        </span>
				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-twitter">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=When%20the%20Cell%20Doors%20Opened&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/when-the-cell-doors-opened/'); "  href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=When%20the%20Cell%20Doors%20Opened&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/when-the-cell-doors-opened/" >
			                                <span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>												<span class="twp-share-media">
													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z"></path></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Twitter				                                        </span>
												    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-pinterest">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow" href="javascript:twp_be_pinterest()">
											<span class="twp-social-count"><span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 23.25 9 L 15 9 L 15 0.75 C 15 0.335938 14.664062 0 14.25 0 L 9.75 0 C 9.335938 0 9 0.335938 9 0.75 L 9 9 L 0.75 9 C 0.335938 9 0 9.335938 0 9.75 L 0 14.25 C 0 14.664062 0.335938 15 0.75 15 L 9 15 L 9 23.25 C 9 23.664062 9.335938 24 9.75 24 L 14.25 24 C 14.664062 24 15 23.664062 15 23.25 L 15 15 L 23.25 15 C 23.664062 15 24 14.664062 24 14.25 L 24 9.75 C 24 9.335938 23.664062 9 23.25 9 Z M 23.25 9" /></svg></span></span>				                                <span class="twp-share-media">
													<span class="twp-share-label">
                                                        <span class="booster-svg-icon"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M12.289,2C6.617,2,3.606,5.648,3.606,9.622c0,1.846,1.025,4.146,2.666,4.878c0.25,0.111,0.381,0.063,0.439-0.169 c0.044-0.175,0.267-1.029,0.365-1.428c0.032-0.128,0.017-0.237-0.091-0.362C6.445,11.911,6.01,10.75,6.01,9.668 c0-2.777,2.194-5.464,5.933-5.464c3.23,0,5.49,2.108,5.49,5.122c0,3.407-1.794,5.768-4.13,5.768c-1.291,0-2.257-1.021-1.948-2.277 c0.372-1.495,1.089-3.112,1.089-4.191c0-0.967-0.542-1.775-1.663-1.775c-1.319,0-2.379,1.309-2.379,3.059 c0,1.115,0.394,1.869,0.394,1.869s-1.302,5.279-1.54,6.261c-0.405,1.666,0.053,4.368,0.094,4.604 c0.021,0.126,0.167,0.169,0.25,0.063c0.129-0.165,1.699-2.419,2.142-4.051c0.158-0.59,0.817-2.995,0.817-2.995 c0.43,0.784,1.681,1.446,3.013,1.446c3.963,0,6.822-3.494,6.822-7.833C20.394,5.112,16.849,2,12.289,2"></path></svg></span>
				                                        <span class="twp-label-title">
				                                            Pinterest				                                        </span>
				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
									</div><div class="twp-social-icons twp-social-linkedin">										<a class="twp-icon-holder" rel="nofollow"  onclick="twp_be_popup_new_window( event,'http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;title=When%20the%20Cell%20Doors%20Opened&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/when-the-cell-doors-opened/'); "  href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;title=When%20the%20Cell%20Doors%20Opened&#038;url=http://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/when-the-cell-doors-opened/" >
																							<span class="twp-share-media">
				                                    <span class="share-media-nocount">
													    <svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19.7,3H4.3C3.582,3,3,3.582,3,4.3v15.4C3,20.418,3.582,21,4.3,21h15.4c0.718,0,1.3-0.582,1.3-1.3V4.3 C21,3.582,20.418,3,19.7,3z M8.339,18.338H5.667v-8.59h2.672V18.338z M7.004,8.574c-0.857,0-1.549-0.694-1.549-1.548 c0-0.855,0.691-1.548,1.549-1.548c0.854,0,1.547,0.694,1.547,1.548C8.551,7.881,7.858,8.574,7.004,8.574z M18.339,18.338h-2.669 v-4.177c0-0.996-0.017-2.278-1.387-2.278c-1.389,0-1.601,1.086-1.601,2.206v4.249h-2.667v-8.59h2.559v1.174h0.037 c0.356-0.675,1.227-1.387,2.526-1.387c2.703,0,3.203,1.779,3.203,4.092V18.338z"></path></svg>				                                    </span>
													<span class="twp-share-label twp-label-title">
				                                        LinkedIn				                                    </span>
												</span>
																					</a>
										</div>			</div>
		</div>

	            
            <div class="booster-block booster-author-block">
                <div class="be-author-details layout-square align-left">
                    <div class="be-author-wrapper">
                        <div class="booster-row">
                            <div class="booster-column booster-column-two booster-column-mobile">
                                <div class="be-author-image">
                                    <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a73c21d089723d10d1cbbbb9a3701985f832ae3401b74502eccdb093baa89da9?s=400&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a73c21d089723d10d1cbbbb9a3701985f832ae3401b74502eccdb093baa89da9?s=800&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-400 photo avatar-img" height="400" width="400" />                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="booster-column booster-column-eight booster-column-mobile">
                                <div class="author-details">
                                                                            <header class="twp-plugin-title twp-author-title">
                                            <h2>About Post Author</h2>
                                        </header>
                                                                        <h4 class="be-author-meta be-author-name">
                                        <a href="https://ethiopiantribune.com/author/admin/" class="booster-url-link">
                                            Ethiopian Tribune editor                                        </a>
                                    </h4>
                                                                                                                <div class="be-author-meta be-author-email">
                                            <a href="mailto: editor@ethiopiantribune.com" class="booster-url-link">
                                                <span class="booster-svg-icon booster-svg-envelope"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 3v18h24v-18h-24zm6.623 7.929l-4.623 5.712v-9.458l4.623 3.746zm-4.141-5.929h19.035l-9.517 7.713-9.518-7.713zm5.694 7.188l3.824 3.099 3.83-3.104 5.612 6.817h-18.779l5.513-6.812zm9.208-1.264l4.616-3.741v9.348l-4.616-5.607z" /></svg></span>editor@ethiopiantribune.com                                            </a>
                                        </div>
                                                                                                                <div class="be-author-meta be-author-url">
                                            <a href="https://ethiopiantribune.com" target="_blank" class="booster-url-link">
                                                <span class="booster-svg-icon booster-svg-sphere"><svg class="booster-svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M 11.25 1.5 C 5.035156 1.5 0 6.535156 0 12.75 C 0 18.964844 5.035156 24 11.25 24 C 17.464844 24 22.5 18.964844 22.5 12.75 C 22.5 6.535156 17.464844 1.5 11.25 1.5 Z M 17.617188 16.5 C 17.816406 15.550781 17.941406 14.546875 17.984375 13.5 L 20.972656 13.5 C 20.894531 14.535156 20.652344 15.542969 20.253906 16.5 Z M 4.882812 9 C 4.683594 9.949219 4.558594 10.953125 4.515625 12 L 1.527344 12 C 1.605469 10.964844 1.847656 9.957031 2.246094 9 Z M 16.078125 9 C 16.304688 9.960938 16.441406 10.964844 16.484375 12 L 12 12 L 12 9 Z M 12 7.5 L 12 3.109375 C 12.34375 3.210938 12.679688 3.375 13.011719 3.609375 C 13.636719 4.050781 14.230469 4.726562 14.738281 5.566406 C 15.085938 6.148438 15.386719 6.796875 15.640625 7.5 Z M 7.761719 5.566406 C 8.269531 4.726562 8.863281 4.050781 9.488281 3.609375 C 9.820312 3.375 10.15625 3.207031 10.5 3.109375 L 10.5 7.5 L 6.859375 7.5 C 7.113281 6.792969 7.414062 6.148438 7.761719 5.566406 Z M 10.5 9 L 10.5 12 L 6.015625 12 C 6.058594 10.964844 6.195312 9.960938 6.421875 9 Z M 2.246094 16.5 C 1.847656 15.542969 1.605469 14.535156 1.527344 13.5 L 4.515625 13.5 C 4.558594 14.546875 4.683594 15.550781 4.882812 16.5 Z M 6.015625 13.5 L 10.5 13.5 L 10.5 16.5 L 6.421875 16.5 C 6.195312 15.539062 6.058594 14.535156 6.015625 13.5 Z M 10.5 18 L 10.5 22.390625 C 10.15625 22.289062 9.820312 22.125 9.488281 21.890625 C 8.863281 21.449219 8.269531 20.773438 7.761719 19.933594 C 7.414062 19.351562 7.113281 18.703125 6.859375 18 Z M 14.738281 19.933594 C 14.230469 20.773438 13.636719 21.449219 13.011719 21.890625 C 12.679688 22.125 12.34375 22.292969 12 22.390625 L 12 18 L 15.640625 18 C 15.386719 18.707031 15.085938 19.351562 14.738281 19.933594 Z M 12 16.5 L 12 13.5 L 16.484375 13.5 C 16.441406 14.535156 16.304688 15.539062 16.078125 16.5 Z M 17.984375 12 C 17.945312 10.953125 17.816406 9.949219 17.617188 9 L 20.253906 9 C 20.652344 9.957031 20.894531 10.964844 20.972656 12 Z M 19.46875 7.5 L 17.222656 7.5 C 16.785156 6.121094 16.179688 4.914062 15.457031 3.949219 C 16.453125 4.429688 17.355469 5.066406 18.144531 5.855469 C 18.648438 6.359375 19.089844 6.910156 19.46875 7.5 Z M 4.355469 5.855469 C 5.144531 5.066406 6.046875 4.429688 7.042969 3.949219 C 6.320312 4.914062 5.714844 6.121094 5.277344 7.5 L 3.03125 7.5 C 3.410156 6.910156 3.851562 6.359375 4.355469 5.855469 Z M 3.03125 18 L 5.277344 18 C 5.714844 19.378906 6.320312 20.585938 7.042969 21.550781 C 6.046875 21.070312 5.144531 20.433594 4.355469 19.644531 C 3.851562 19.140625 3.410156 18.589844 3.03125 18 Z M 18.144531 19.644531 C 17.355469 20.433594 16.453125 21.070312 15.457031 21.550781 C 16.179688 20.585938 16.785156 19.378906 17.222656 18 L 19.46875 18 C 19.089844 18.589844 18.648438 19.140625 18.144531 19.644531 Z M 18.144531 19.644531 " /></svg></span>https://ethiopiantribune.com                                            </a>
                                        </div>
                                                                                                        </div>
                                <div class="be-author-profiles">
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
                    <div class="booster-block booster-reactions-block">
            <div class="twp-reactions-icons">
                
                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-1" post-id="5046" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/happy.svg" alt="Happy">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Happy                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                        
                                                <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-2" post-id="5046" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/sad.svg" alt="Sad">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Sad                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-3" post-id="5046" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/excited.svg" alt="Excited">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Excited                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-6" post-id="5046" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/sleepy.svg" alt="Sleepy">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">
                        Sleepy                    </div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">1</span>
                        
                                                <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>100</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-4" post-id="5046" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/angry.svg" alt="Angry">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">Angry</div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                        
                    </div>
                </div>

                <div class="twp-reacts-wrap">
                    <a react-data="be-react-5" post-id="5046" class="be-face-icons un-reacted" href="javascript:void(0)">
                        <img decoding="async" src="https://ethiopiantribune.com/wp-content/plugins/booster-extension//assets/icon/surprise.svg" alt="Surprise">
                    </a>
                    <div class="twp-reaction-title">Surprise</div>
                    <div class="twp-count-percent">
                                                    <span style="display: none;" class="twp-react-count">0</span>
                                                                        <span class="twp-react-percent"><span>0</span> %</span>
                                            </div>
                </div>

            </div>
        </div>

    ]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://ethiopiantribune.com/2026/08/when-the-cell-doors-opened/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
		<post-id xmlns="com-wordpress:feed-additions:1">5046</post-id>	</item>
	</channel>
</rss>
